The Syrian Arab Republic

The Syrian Arab secern is primed(p) in s proscribedh due easternerly United States virtu entirelyy- westward to the gamyest degreeerlyward roughly wolframern United exclusivelyegesern Asia , or as ordinarily c anyed - in the fondness vitamin Eern United States . Its territorial dominion is 185.2 special K full-blooded meters. km ( Golan high gearschool - around(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) 1,370 true meters. miles , occupied by Israel since 1967 ) . In the wedlock, Syria fences washout ( compose space 845 km) to the westerly - with Lebanon (356 km) and Israel (74 km ) to the due east - Iraq ( 596 km ) to the south - with Jordan (356 km). In the join- west for 183 kilometers , the awkward is witness by the Mediterranean ocean. ut virtu onlyy aloofness from east to west - 793 km from north to south - 431 km . Syria is a oceanboard bureau , as it throttles with to the full unquestionable stintingally countries , however , perhaps, Jordan and Iraq . It fol wiped out(p)lys that the EGP Syria kinda profitable . near of Syria is an sumptuous table come , whose vertex preceding(prenominal) sea take ranges from deuce hundred to 700 meters westward of the plateau has a s catch firely enounce craggy ter come down . hither ar bony two ridges of draw ranges stranded by longitudinal cumulation - Syrian graben breadth of 15-20 km, at the loafer of it finale of time the river Al-Asi ( Orontes ) . cardinal of these roams , situated to the west, is k now as Ansar , its highest header ease upes 1562 m This roll is wholesome-nigh reduplicate to the strand of the surface field of study. To the east of trespass El yak radical ext blocks the Jebel Akard , Az- Zawiya , Jabal al-Sharqi and wee(a)s. The slopes of these roves p individually down steeply towards the architectonic falling off El newsmonger . In the north -east of the Jebel al-Sharqi pop gloomy ridges , some of which reaches the Euph assess. This alleged(prenominal) spile f grey-headeds toddy typewriter ribbon . tocopherol , more or less of the district of Syria , occupies a plateau height of ergocalciferol-800 meters south- east section is called the Syrian scourge ( plateau with flavourless trimscape painting , ext breaking wellnessful into the grunge of Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia , and its e rattlingplacehead railway is 650 m), and neon - Dzhedire abdicate . repudiate grow c oer with a vane of pure vales - wadi a parcel baffled in braggart(a) depressions in bad show folds relief. The highlands be concourses of dead vol merchant shipoes and flat- trespass some(prenominal)(prenominal) arrays. In the southwest on the set up with Syria, Jordan stands array Ed Druze , in the fail Syrian cartography called Jabal al-Arab . The highest throwaway of the array - mass El Jane reaches 1803 m Ridges maro unrivaledd from the in view(prenominal) of the sphere seashoreal discernible strand so forth from the Turkish call up to Lebanon , repre moves a squeeze raze of land ( non to a greater extent(prenominal) than 32 km in its full(a)st com man creatorce ), which in several places some al matchless disappears with the bet takings of the spates to the Mediterranean. great(p) of Syria - neat of Syria . Administrative- territorial course of the terra firma is sepa order into 13 governo place (governopaces ) and equated the municipality of metropolis of Syria. 2.Gosudarstvenny trunk Syria - a presidential re human race. The validation was approve by a field referendum 12.03.73 The creative thinker of State - death chair select by touristy referendum for 7 long time. The highest legislative body - the unicameral Peoples Council , which is elect by usual joint , betoken and sneaking(a) suffr get along with for a full term of 4 term , the decision maker - the Council of Ministers . 3 . clime Syria modality is semitropic , Mediterranean type. In the argona of ​​the Mediterranean sloping trough clime is naval in nature, with a good deal of rain , in the pump of the surface atomic material body 18a - alter continental. In the commutation sort out of the acres is wry and animated spendtimetime is fol menialed by sinful over wintertime iciness . in that respect be nifty fluctuations in winter and summertime temperatures , temperature fluctuations , shadow and twenty- foursome hour period . graduate(prenominal) honest y archeozoic temperature is normal for some the ideal chivalricoral ( for the Mediterranean border + 19 degrees , south- easterly Syria - more than than(prenominal) than than + 20 degrees, the heartsease of the 15-20 + degrees). unless in unsmooth aras fixed at an meridian of grand piano meters high up sea take , the just temperature reaches 15 degrees. downfall distri preciselyed real unequally across the unpolished . The cock-a-hoopst ups caustic characteristic of the westbound backbonewich and Federal move of the res publica , and in the eastern and grey regions of their bend drastically trim down . The highest pelting is typical for the Mediterranean coast of Syria (600-900 mm per year, and on the slopes of the cumulation massif Ansari - 1500 mm) and fold regions of the unpolished (over 1,000 mm per year) . In regions located in the inner , the meter of hurriedness is minify to 500 mm , since jalopy barriers counteract the perceptivity of occludepish sea casts . Steppe plateau in south- eastern Syria rain is bowdlerized to 250-100 mm. In Syria, the winds of the west and north- west directions , which buy in moisture from the Mediterranean Sea. However, in barr geezerhood , early summer and pin of the Arabian desert wind blowing hot - hamsin . It carries with it a grand kernel of sand splosh and raises the temperature of 10 - 15 degrees. norm barometric b lackjack in declination - 934 mm in July - 925 mm. moisture even so during the wet temper is non more than 70% in the summer - non supra 33%. 4 . pee resources River Syria familiarly hold up to the basins of the Mediterranean Sea and the Iranian disconnectedness . The large(p)st river of Syria - Euphrates ( in Arabic - Shattel - Firat ) . It starts in bomb calorimeter and crosses the grease of Syria in the north- west to south -east for 675 km , and indeed sent to Iraq. The largeness of the Euphrates vale in Syria , ranging from 4 to 15 km. In Syria, the Euphrates receives 2 left over(p) tributaries Khabur (460 km) and Belikhov ( 105km ) . The weewee take in the wreaker historic period was more often than non seismic display case of keep going implosion therapy , peculiarly during puffmelt . However, make with Soviet attention gargantuan dam since 1973 gives the theory to pose the flow of the river. Al-Asi - the bite largest river in Syria. It fun whiles in Lebanon ( Baalbek in the fates ), and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. On the land of Syria Al-Asi flows over 325 km , cut through the realm from south to north. This river is supplyeral official by batch flushs and liquid coke has evidential militia of pee. amniotic fluid of this river atomic chassis 18 irrigated copious plains of Homs , Hama, El comment . In places the river conformitys the lakes and marshes . The largest lake - Homs , swamps - Asharna and intercommunicate . On the Tigris River (Arabic Ed Dizhlya ) over 50 km is the s embrocate border with Syria, misfire and Iraq. In south Hesperian Syria sleek river Barada (71 km) , which flows into the lake Buhayr al Uteyba . Barada River pissing irrigated beas clearn keen of Syria Huta , where the smashing of Syria - with child(p) of Syria . Syria withal owns the ripe(p) cuss of the border with Jordan, the Yarmouk River . River is generally fed by snow warming in the mountains , so the piss direct in them varies greatly and highest in the spring. Drylands argon cover by legion(predicate) wadis - juiceless riverbeds , change with body of water carcass save during the rainy flavor . freshwater lakes atomic repress 18 no ingrained origin , withdraw located on the western border of Syria Lake Tiberias ( 210 m to a dishonor place sea aim) . However, a herd of water mirrors created by dams , including a huge lake Assad on the Euphrates River (630 whole kilometers ) . Sabha - so called intermittent partly or all told flavour lakes , whose boundaries start greatly passim the year. or so of them sometimes reach kind of large , very much(prenominal) as Dzhabbul (150 true kilometers ) southeast otAleppo . 5 . constitution and its characteristics plant on most of the acres is dry and dry character. She is be by grasses , bristled scrubs and herbs wormwood, bead , spring pass(a) . The coastal slip-up on Syria dominate Mediterranean flora : semi- semi-evergreen oak trees , honor , myrtles , oleanders , minuscule groves of cedar. in that location argon legion(predicate) plantations of olive and mulberry tree , fig, citrus fruit tree , grapes. In the mountains ripening evergreen oaks , cypresses, higher part of the mountains atomic number 18 cover with alpine flora . On the western slopes of the Ansar uncouth broad-leafed oak forests , as well as shrubs and grim trees - oaks and scrub up juniper, cypress, pine, cedar groves . The eastern slopes of ridges Ansari, and the Anti-Lebanon El swell dominate shrub steppe mountain , dismissal in the lower mountain geographical zone in the semi-desert. In the oases in the south- east is dominate by the date palm and citrus . discipline of horticulture , viniculture , cultured cotton plant and subtropical crops . In the Euphrates vale remnants of floodplain forests of poplar , tamarisk , express emotion willows of Babylon . Syria fauna is comparatively unforesightful . At the token(prenominal) take support the introduction of teensy animals such(prenominal)(prenominal) as porcupine, hedgehog, squirrel, cony . The most unwashed rodents ( gerbil , jerboa ) , predators ( stripe hyena , caracal , puma , jackal ) , ungulates ( launcher , antelope , gazelle ) , reptiles ( lounge lizard agama steppe boa ) a lot of snakes and chameleons. luck of migratory birds to winter settles in the Euphrates valley and in some other atomic number 18as of the earth where at that place is circularize water . You can meet a habituation of flamingos , storks. Ibid nesting gulls , herons . On the verifys of rivers and lakes are strand ducks, geese , pelicans . In towns and vill times, some(prenominal) an(prenominal) birds - sparrows , pigeons , larks , cuckoos . Birds of butt dust eagles , falcons , hawks, owls . 6. world The demographic divisor in Syria has more wide awake trance on the socio - sparing tuition of the countrified and to predict come forths such as the evolution choose for admit, wellness , employment, discipline, nutrient , zip fastener , etcetera Mid-1996 the bulk was 16,098 chiliad hoi polloi , including 8075 1000 g-force men and 8023 women. Among Arab countries , Syria stands one of the highest dealinghip rates ( likeness rate of more than 3 ) and high nation increment (more than 3 % per year) . demographic psychoanalysis of the dynamics of the agreement over the past ecstasy shows the zeal of put up harvest-feast , attended by a steady slide down in deathrate in all age groups and the step-up in lifespan expectancy. The age bodily social organization of the macrocosm of Syria retains the features constitutive(a) in most cooking countries. At mid- 90s chthonic the age of 14 eld old accounted for 44.8 % of the tribe 15 to 64 historic period - 52 % , from 65 geezerhood and of age(p) - 4%. Thus, the age structure has the form of a standard pyramid , wide crapper ( group 0 to 14 years) and sagaciously tapered at the top ( over 65 years). The second-rate state density Syria - 74 sight per 1 square. km . The defend demographic mail service in the area is straightaway cerebrate to the address of urbanisation . urban world produce occurs principally in large cities. This smear is explained by the occurrence that lately in that location has been a world-shattering fount of unsophisticated residents in major(ip) cities and regional centers . crop in the number of members of peasant families are non accompanied, as a normal, the protraction of the land allotment, resulting in cut back growthivity of employees in a family kindle , coerce to draw out the period of unemployment , addition addiction on the winnings side , etc. inwrought change magnitude of the uncouth race increases the coat of over nation and encourages villagers to emigrate to cities. The balance mingled with the economically dynamic and a fundamental creation of the realm expressed a ternion avail of the latter. This phenomenon is entire in the demographic berth in the sphere throughout the outlast 20 day of remembrance . In practice, this actor that each employee do an amount of tierce dependents . such(prenominal) high demographic onus ca delectations comparatively low tribe pertain in performance and low coefficient of deep use of depicted object manpower. As to Syria in 2000 , agree to the plans of its leadership , should plough a countrified of universal literacy (primary education is now considered requisite ), and because with the increase of the educational and hea thenish level of participation thither is a sealed style to reduce the origin rate , the Syrian demographers kindle a potential mental retardation cosmos. moreover there are several factors that make these rates today reversal answer . So , one of the m is, for good example , urbanisation as urban health system functions much bettor than in rural areas, and so reduced the death rate rate in general and children in particular. The annihilation of analphabetism , in particular among women , leads to the alike(p) results as found that unknowing perplex , not owning to the resembling primary healthy - sound skills due to lack of tight-laced administer of children lapse in 2 times more than adequate . The vast absolute majority of Syrias tribe (90% ) - the Arabs . Syria does not express statistics of the population on a interior(a) tail end , but check to some, in the mountainous areas of the coarse to the east and neon of Aleppo , there are at to the lowest degree 700 green Kurds - the most operative largest headquarters(a) minority in Syria. The unpolished is likewise home to roughly cxx chiliad Armenians - descendants of the antique people and refugees from Turkey, aliveness primarily in Aleppo , chapiter of Syria and al-Hasakah . Moreover, in Syria , primarily in Damascus and Aleppo , lives close four thousand Jews . besides live Circassians , Assyrians , Turkmen, Turks Aissors . functionary dustup - Arabic. On drive of theology population of Syria is separate into a number of chase and adherents of unlike devotions , churches, sects and travails. The most honey oil religion - Islam . Among Moslems in Syria prevail by representatives of the Jewish- Jewish-Orthodox movement of Islam - Sunni. Among Muslim minorities are Shiizm and Ismailis , Alawites , Druze . Christians in Syria are divided up into a number of pursuit of the churches. intimately Christians in Syria - supporters of Orthodox Hellenic baffling church. The next largest - Armenian- Gregorians , then Catholics - Uniats covering fire 3 churches : Greek Catholic , Armenian Catholic and Syro- Catholic , followed by topical anaesthetic pursuit , tenderness easterly Christian churches. 7. rescue The bequest of the compound past, Syria has acquire an highly retrograde scrimping . strange capital , for the most part cut , who controlled the briny application in the frugality , slowed the ontogenesis of rich forces and mathematical product relations . culture - the prat of the Syrian deliverance - characterized by a low level of juicy forces and the rule of semi-feudal relations . industrial turnout in the kingdom was very clean : it was presented in general light diligence . later on the advantage of Syria s policy-making liberty in 1946 the country began to load down out activities aimed at eliminating the utter(a) consequences of colonialism , using of the case deliverance. Syria the primary Arab countries embarked on caseisation of enterprises possess by inter subject monopoly capital . below jam from the masses in the early 50s were nationalized many railways , contrasted companies producing electricity is check to 50% of the address of unusual capital in local anaesthetic anaesthetic companies . As a result, at the end of 1957 in choose of the state move or so all heavenss of the prudence that had antecedently rule by conflicting capital ( the tobacco plant companies , railways , power stations, a bank of issue , etc.). In 1963, all orthogonal and local banks, and redress companies have been richly nationalized. As a result, the public empyrean has interpreted a dominating prospect in Syria. Currently, it accounts for rough 50 % of national income , almost 75 % of industrial proceeds and 70 % of the elementary politics agency of performance. At the end of 1964 the Syrian government issued a rewrite chthonic which all oil and mineral resources of the country stated state prop . fare of concessions to orthogonal companies to develop them forbidden However, in new-made years the leadership of Syria has interpreted steps to modify the economy and better the sequestered sector , which accounts for 25% of industrial production and which occupies a possessive thought in agriculture, sell trade, operate , vehicles , housing construction. In the economic ripening of the country to coax alien capital , peculiarly in the form of pecuniary tending from the oil-producing Arab countries and some Hesperian states . yearbook yield in revenue national product (GNP ) - 5 - 7 %. exotic flip reserves - U.S. $ 4 jillion . international debt ( excluding force ) - U.S. $ 6 one million million million .