Essay --

Pump Up that Seawater A Remix of Traditional Freshwater Hydro SystemsHydroelectricity is a super clean energy source that emits tokenish pollution. However most dams and structures used to gather hydroelectricity can be placed in restrict locations. This is because hydroelectricity today requires two reservoirs of fresh water. It is well known that fresh water is very limited while we run through an abundance of seawater, which many scientists believe is supposedly a waste and cant be used for anything. To undertake hydroelectricity to its fullest so that it can provide an abundant source of energy, a hydro system that is much less site-specific is required.Hydroelectric plants can be placed in alone so few places, because there are few sources of freshwater. Although hydroelectricity uses renewable resources and releases inadequate to no pollutants, existing hydroelectric plants in total give very little energy and are site specific compared to other sources of energy, it not cost effective and usable in limited areas. We can tackle the problem of limited areas for hydroelectric energy plants by using seawater instead of freshwater. We actually have an infinite amount of ocean water, unfortunately we dont have an infinite amount of freshwater. Like traditional freshwater hydro systems a seawater pumped-storage hydro would work very similar. Extra electrical energy from nuclear energy, fossil fuels, or renewable energy power plants are used during times of low power demand to push water uphill to be deposited in reservoirs as potential energy. Then, when demand peaks, the reservoirs are opened, permitting water to pass through hydroelectric turbines to produce the electricity needed to meet power demand. The key modification for saltwa... ...ean, where orb watch is currently working with three governments to produce Sustainable Energy Roadmaps, it could be a practical solution to consider. With limited supplies of fresh water, tremendous renewable energ y potential on and just off its coasts, and limited energy storage capability, seawater pumped-storage hydro could provide the Caribbean with tremendous benefits. Protecting the environment is crucial for this genesis and future generations. My idea may make green energy more popular and benefit the environment. Using blah, blah, blah would blah, blah, blahs. Reducing costs and blah, blah, blah, the simple, efficient, and blah, blah, blah that I developed should encourage more people to switch to renewable resources and support this and my cause. Such a change would make the environment cleaner, healthier, and more enjoyable for generations to come.

A Critical Look at Histories of Hutchinson and the Antinomians Essay

A Critical Look at Histories of Hutchinson and the Antinomians In the seventeenth century, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded as a haven for puritans, who sought religious freedom and harmony. In order to achieve this haven, the settlers in Massachusetts Bay devised a system of government that would coif as both a political and moral authority. Between 1636 and 1638 the relative harmony of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was shaken by an uprising that has snuff it known as the Antinomian Controversy. At the center of this controversy was Anne Hutchinson, a Boston woman bold enough to challenge the teachings of local ministers and to criticize impertinently England churches. Hutchinson was extraordinary for a variety of reasons. Her theology of free grace and her claim to have received immediate revelations from God were considered a dangerous deviation from prude theology. She was also a woman challenging the established male hierarchy of Puritan society. In addition, her theological ideas had important implications for political theory and attracted many pursuit in seventeenth-century New England. However, despite all that is known close Hutchinsons life and the details of the Antinomian Controversy, there are no written records of her beliefs. Instead, contemporary historians, political scientists and feminists must interpret her actions, trial records and the accounts of her contemporaries to determine why she chose to challenge Puritan society in the way that she did. Because little is known about why Anne Hutchinson acted as she did, she has become a veritable chalice into which historians, political scientists and feminists can pour their own ideas. As a result, interpretations of Ann... ...6.Hall, David D. The Antinomian Controversy 1636-1638 A Documentary History. Connecticut Wesleyan University Press, 1968. Koehler, Lyle. The Case of the American Jezebels Anne Hutchinson and Female Agitation during the Ye ars of Antinomian Turmoil, 1636-1640. The William and Mary Quarterly 31, pp. 55-78.Lang, Amy Schrager. Prophetic Woman Anne Hutchinson and the Problem of reject in the Literature of New England. California University of California Press, 1987.Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson. The Puritan Oligarchy The Founding of American Civilization. New York Scribners Press, 1947.Westerkamp, Marilyn J. Women and Religion in Early America, 1600-1850 The Puritan and Evangelical Traditions. London Routledge, 1999.Williams, Selma. Divine Rebel The Life of Anne Marbury Hutchinson. New York Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1981.

The Night :: Essays Papers

The NightCharacters Moshe the Beadle was one of the first of the Jew to be taken away that Elie knew closely. Moshe then escaped the massive ditches of death and was able to founder to Sighet to tell them of what the Germans were doing. The rest of the people even Elie, thought that he had gone mad, so he pitied him.Oberkapo was apart of the 52nd cable unit at Buna who was Dutch. He also sabotaged the PowerStation. He had stocks of arms and was found and arrested. He was tortured for weeks, but never gave names of who else was involved. He was then transferred to Auschwitz.Madame Schachter she was one of the ladies on the train to Auschwitz that was having illusions and screaming push through loud on the train that there was fire outside of the windows. Everytime she that, the other people being gullible as they were, would look out the window. They soon old-hat of this, so they tied her up and gagged. The ordeal continued as she was able to free herself from her restra ints and began yelling again. The other men finally smacked her around a lesser bit to knock a little common sense back into her, as her 10 year old son watched and tried to comfort her. She moldiness have been suffering from terrible dehydration.Akiba Drumer He is a man that puts all of his faith into god, no matter what is happening at the moment, he believes that god allow save him or protect him. He doesnt want to open his eyes to the reality of things, where he could be the next one hanged in the position court of the camp as an example of their relentless power over them. He even calculated that their deliverence was to be only a few weeks away, I think people began to tire of him as Elie did who realized that if their was a true god, they would have to be so many suffering like they were.SettingsSighet This is the town that Elie came from with his family in the country of Transylvania. It was a moderate town that was mainly Jews at the time.Auschwitz The camp they wer e first taken to when they were deported from their recent country. It didnt seem to be all that fully grown in the way they treated them personally, unless the camp itself killed them.

Motivation Essay -- Motivation Leadership Management

What is Motivation? Motivation is the force that sucks us do things this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied (or met) so that we constitute inspiration to complete the task. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it may further destine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the output.When we suggest factors (or needs) that determine the penury of employees in the workplace, almost everyone would immediately think of a game salary. This answer is correct for the reason that some employees will be motivated by money, but mostly wrong for the reason that it does not satisfy others (to a lasting degree). This supports the statement that human motivation is a personal characteristic, and not a one fits all option. The Importance of Motivation Motivation can sustain an effect on the output of your business and concerns both quantity and q uality. See it this way your business relies heavily on the efficiency of your production staff to make sure that products are manufactured in numbers that meet demand for the week. If these employees lack the motivation to produce completed products to meet the demand, then you face a problem leading to disastrous consequences. The number of scenarios is extreme but you get the general picture. Your employees are your greatest asset and no matter how efficient your engine room and equipment may be, it is no match for the effectiveness and efficiency of your staff. Motivational Theory Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Motivation has been studied for many years stretch beyond the 19th century. As a result, a number of theo... ...hough frequently used, the least effective method of motivating a worker is with a cast out consequence, such as a verbal dressing-down, suspension, or the loss of the job. Punishment may achieve immediate results, but it does not accomplish internal motivation for several reasons. First, adults are not inclined to remain in employment where they are threatened and intimidated. Second, workers who are backed by a strong marriage ceremony may dissolve the threat with a higher level of authority. Third, scares and intimidation can create animosity toward a superior and employees may respond with detestation and subversion. Another problem with the fear strategy is that it creates a punitive climate in which individuals are afraid of being different from or of offending others. This particular(a) situation has a tendency to diminish creativity and lead to intellectual stagnation.

Bacteria :: Science Chemistry Biology Experiment Essays

Bacteria Bacteria atomic number 18 the most common and ancient microorganisms on earth. Most bacteria are microscopic, measuring 1 micron in length. However, colonies of bacteria grown in a laboratory petri dish can be seen with the unaided eye. There are many divisions and classifications of bacteria that assist in identifying them. The first two types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. Both groups shake off common ancestors dating to more than 3 billion days ago. Archaebacteria live in environments where, because of the high temperature, no other life can grow. These environments include hot springs and areas of volcanic activity. They contain lipids but lack definite chemicals in their cell wall. Eubacteria are all other bacteria. Most of them are phototrophic, i.e. they use the suns energy as food through the process of photosynthesis. some other classification of bacteria is according to their need of oxygen to live. Those who do require oxygen to live are considered aerobes. The bacteria who dont use oxygen to live are known as anaerobes. The shape of specific bacteria provides for the next step in the identification process. Spherical bacteria are called cocci the bacteria that have a rodlike shape are known as bacilli corkscrew shaped bacteria are spirilla and filamentous is the term for bacteria with a threadlike appearance. Hans Christian Joachim Gram, a Danish microbiologist, developed a method for distinguishing bacteria by their different reaction to a stain. The process of applying Grams stain is as follows the bacteria are stained with a violet dye and treated with Grams solution (1 part iodine, 2 parts potassium iodide, and 300 parts water). ethyl alcohol is then applied to the medium the bacteria will either preserve the blue color of the original dye or they will win a red hue. The blue colored bacteria are gram-positive the red bacteria are identified as gram-negative. Bacteria contain deoxyribonucleic aci d (deoxyribonucleic acid) still like all cells. However, in bacteria the DNA is arranged in a circular fashion rather than in strands. Bacteria as well contain ribosomes which, like in eukaryotic cells, provide for protein synthesis. In order for a bacterium to attach itself to a surface, it requires the aid of pili, or hairlike growths. Bacteria, just like sperm cells, have flagella which assist in movement. But, sperm cells only have one flagellum, whereas bacteria contain flagella at several locations throughout their automobile trunk surface.

Bacteria :: Science Chemistry Biology Experiment Essays

Bacteria Bacteria are the most common and ancient microorganisms on earth. nearly bacterium are microscopic, measuring 1 micron in length. However, colonies of bacterium grown in a laboratory petri dish can be seen with the unaided eye. There are many divisions and classifications of bacteria that assist in identifying them. The first two types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. Both groups have common ancestors geological dating to more than 3 billion years ago. Archaebacteria live in environments where, because of the high temperature, no other life can grow. These environments include hot springs and areas of volcanic activity. They take over lipids but lack certain chemicals in their cell wall. Eubacteria are all other bacteria. Most of them are phototrophic, i.e. they use the suns energy as food through the process of photosynthesis. Another classification of bacteria is according to their need of oxygen to live. Those who do require oxygen to live are considered aerobes. The bacteria who dont use oxygen to live are known as anaerobes. The shape of specific bacteria provides for the next step in the identification process. Spherical bacteria are called cocci the bacteria that have a rodlike shape are known as bacilli corkscrew shaped bacteria are spirilla and filamentous is the term for bacteria with a threadlike appearance. Hans Christian Joachim Gram, a Danish microbiologist, developed a method for distinguishing bacteria by their different response to a stain. The process of applying Grams stain is as follows the bacteria are stained with a violet dye and treated with Grams solution (1 part iodine, 2 part potassium iodide, and 300 parts water). Ethyl alcohol is then applied to the medium the bacteria will either preserve the blue color of the genuine dye or they will obtain a red hue. The blue colored bacteria are gram-positive the red bacteria are place as gram-negative. Bacteria contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic aci d) just like all cells. However, in bacteria the DNA is arranged in a circular sort rather than in strands. Bacteria also contain ribosomes which, like in eukaryotic cells, provide for protein synthesis. In order for a bacterium to attach itself to a surface, it requires the aid of pili, or hairlike growths. Bacteria, just like sperm cells, have flagella which assist in movement. But, sperm cells only have one flagellum, whereas bacteria contain flagella at several locations throughout their body surface.

The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Thirteen

Elena s overlyd within the circle of adults and police, waiting for a chance to escape. She knew that Matt had warned Stefan in time-his face told her that-but he hadnt been adapted to get close enough to speak with her.At last, with all attention turned toward the physical structure, she detached herself from the group and edged toward Matt.Stefan got out all right, he tell, his fancy on the group of adults. scarcely he told me to take c be of you, and I postulate you to stay here(predicate).To take care of me? Alarm and suspicion flashed through Elena. Then, approximately in a whisper, she said, I see. She thought a moment and thus spoke carefully. Matt, I wish to go wash my hands. Bonnie got blood on me. Wait here Ill be back.He started to say something in protest, but she was already moving away. She held up her stained hands in explanation as she reached the door of the girls locker room, and the teacher who was straightaway standing there let her through. Once in th e locker room, however, she kept on going, right out the far door and into the darkened school. And from there, into the night.Zuccone Stefan thought, grabbing a bookcase and flinging it over, sending its contents flying. FoolBlind, hateful fool. How could he have been so stupid?Find a place with them here? Be accepted as one of them? He must have been mad to have thought it was possible.He picked up one of the great laboured trunks and threw it across the room, where it crashed against the far wall, splintering a window. Stupid,stupid .Who was after him? Ein truthbody. Matt had said it. Theres been a nonher attack They think you did it.Well, for once it looked as if the barbari , the petty bread and butter homosexuals with their fear of anything unkn declare, were right. How else did you explain what had happened? He had mat the weakness, the spinning, swirling confusion and past darkness had taken him. When hed awakened it was to hear Matt verbalise that an early(a) human had been pillaged, assaulted. Robbed this time not only of his blood, but of his life. How did you explainthat unless he, Stefan, were the killer?A killer was what he was. Evil. A creature born in the dark, destined to live and be give awayn and hide there forever. Well, why not kill, past? Why not fulfill his nature? Since he could not change it, he might as well revel in it. He would unleash his darkness upon this town that hated him, that hunted him even now.But first he was thirsty. His veins burned resembling a network of dry, hot wires. He needed to feed shortly now.The boarding house was dark. Elena knocked at the door but received no answer. bunce cracked overhead. There was still no rain.After the third barrage of knocking, she tried the door, and it opened. Inside, the house was silent and pitch black. She make her way to the staircase by feel and went up it.The second landing was just as dark, and she stumbled, act to receive the bedroom with the stairway to the thir d floor. A faint light showed at the top of the stairs, and she climbed toward it, touch modality oppressed by the walls, which seemed to close in on her from either side.The light came from beneath the closed door. Elena tapped on it lightly and quickly. Stefan, she whispered, and then she called more(prenominal) loudly, Stefan, its me.No answer. She grasped the knob and pushed the door open, peering around the side. Stefan-She was speaking to an empty room.And a room filled with chaos. It looked as if some great wind had torn through, sledding destruction in its path. The trunks that had stood in corners so sedately were lying at grotesque angles, their lids gaping open, their contents strewn somewhat the floor. One window was shattered. exclusively Stefans possessions, all the things he had kept so carefully and seemed to prize, were scattered like rubbish.Terror swept through Elena. The fury, the violence in this scene of devastation were sorely clear, and they made her fe el rough giddy. Somebody who has a history of violence, Tyler had said. I dont care, she thought, anger surging up to push back the fear. I dont care about anything, Stefan I still want to see you. But where are you?The trapdoor in the ceiling was open, and cold air was blowing down. Oh, thought Elena, and she had a sudden chill of fear. That crown was so highShed never climbed the ladder to the widows walk before, and her long skirt made it difficult. She emerged through the trapdoor slowly, kneeling on the roof and then standing up. She adage a dark count in the corner, and she moved toward it quickly.Stefan, I had to come- she began, and broke off short, because a flash of lightning lit the sky just as the figure in the corner whirled around. And then it was as if every foreboding and fear and nightmare shed ever had were coming true all at once. It was beyond cry at it was beyond anything.Oh, God no. Her caput refused to make sense of what her eyes were seeing. No. No. She wouldnt look at this, she wouldnt believe itBut she could not help seeing. Even if she could have shut her eyes, every detail of the scene was etched upon her memory. As if the flash of lightning had seared it onto her brain forever.Stefan. Stefan, so sleek and high-class in his ordinary clothes, in his black leather jacket with the collar turned up. Stefan, with his dark hair like one of the roiling storm clouds fundament him. Stefan had been caught in that flash of light, half turned toward her, his body twisted into a bestial crouch, with a snarl of animal fury on his face.And blood. That arrogant, sensitive, sensual intercommunicate was smeared with blood. It showed ghastly red against the pallor of his skin, against the sharp whiteness of his bared teeth. In his hands was the limp body of a mourning dove, white as those teeth, fly outspread. Another lay on the ground at his feet, like a crumpled and discarded handkerchief.Oh, God, no, Elena whispered. She went on whispering it, backing away, scarcely aware that she was doing either. Her mind simply could not cope with this horror her thoughts were running wildly in panic, like mice trying to escape a cage. She wouldnt believe this, she wouldntbelieve . Her body was filled with unbearable tension, her heart was bursting, her head reeling.Oh, God,no-Elena More terrible than anything else was this, to seeStefan looking at her out of that animal face, to see the snarl changing into a look of shock and desperation. Elena, please. enthrall, dontOh, God,no The screams were trying to rip their way out of her throat. She backed farther away, stumbling, as he took a step toward her. NoElena, please-be careful- That terrible thing, the thing with Stefans face, was coming after her, unfledged eyes burning. She flung herself backward as he took another step, his hand outstretched. That long, slender-fingered hand that had stroked her hair so gently-Dont touch me she cried. And then she did scream, as her motio n brought her back against the constrict railing of the widows walk. It was iron that had been there for nearly a century and a half, and in places it was nearly rusted through. Elenas panicked weight against it was too much, and she felt it give way. She heard the tearing sound of overstressed metal and wood mingling with her own shriek. And then there was nothing behind her, nothing to grab on to, and she was falling.In that instant, she saw the seething purple clouds, the dark bulk of the house beside her. It seemed that she had enough time to see them clearly, and to feel an infinity of terror as she screamed and take flight, and fell.But the terrible, bust impact never came. Suddenly there were arms around her, supporting her in the void. There was a dull thud and the arms tightened, weight gravid against her, absorbing the crash. Then all was still.She held herself motionless within the circle of those arms, trying to get her bearings. Trying to believe yet another unbelie vable thing. She had fallen from a three-story roof, and yet she was alive. She was standing in the garden behind the boarding house, in the utter tranquillity between claps of thunder, with fallen leaves on the ground where her broken body should be.Slowly, she brought her gaze upward to the face of the one who held her. Stefan.There had been too much fear, too many blows tonight. She could react no longer. She could only stare up at him with a kind of wonder.There was such sadness in his eyes. Those eyes that had burned like green ice were now dark and empty, hopeless. The same look that shed seen that first night in his room, only now it was worse. For now there was self-hatred mixed with the sorrow, and bitter condemnation. She couldnt bear it.Stefan, she whispered, feeling that sadness enter her own soul. She could still see the tinge of red on his lips, but now it awakened a thrill of pity along with the instinctive horror. To be so alone, so alien and so aloneOh, Stefan, she whispered.There was no answer in those bleak, lost eyes. Come, he said quietly, and led her back toward the house.Stefan felt a rush of shame as they reached the third story and the destruction that was his room. That Elena, of all people, should see this was insupportable. But then, perhaps it was also fitting that she should see what he really was, what he could do.She moved slowly, dazedly to the bed and sat. Then she looked up at him, her shadowed eyes meeting his. recount me, was all she said.He laughed shortly, without humor, and saw her flinch. It made him hate himself more. What do you need to know? he said. He put a foot on the lid of an overturned trunk and faced her almost defiantly, indicating the room with a gesture. Who did this? I did.Youre strong, she said, her eyes on a capsized trunk. Her gaze lifted upward, as if she were remembering what had happened on the roof. And quick.Stronger than a human, he said, with deliberate fury on the last word. Why didnt she cri nge from him now, why didnt she look at him with the loathing he had seen before? He didnt care what she thought any longer. My reflexes are faster, and Im more resilient. I have to be. Im a hunter, he said harshly.Something in her look made him remember how she had interrupted him. He wiped his let the cat out of the bag with the back of his hand, then went quickly to pick up a glass of water that stood unharmed on the nightstand. He could feel her eyes on him as he drank it and wiped his mouth again. Oh, he still cared what she thought, all right.You puke eat and drink other things, she said.I dont need to, he said quietly, feeling weary and subdued. I dont need anything else. He whipped around suddenly and felt passionate intensity rise in him again. You said I was quick-but thats just what Im not. Have you ever heard the saying the quick and the dead, Elena? Quick means living it means those who have life. Im the other half.He could see that she was trembling. But her voice wa s calm, and her eyes never left his. Tell me, she said again. Stefan, I have a right to know. He recognized those words. And they were as true as when she had first said them. Yes, I suppose you do, he said, and his voice was tired and hard. He stared at the broken window for a few heartbeats and then looked back at her and spoke flatly. I was born in the late fifteenth century. Do you believe that?She looked at the objects that lay where hed scattered them from the bureau with one furious sweep of his arm. The florins, the agate cup, his dagger. Yes, she said softly. Yes, I believe it.And you want to know more? How I came to be what I am? When she nodded, he turned to the window again. How could he tell her? He, who had avoided questions for so long, who had become such an clever at hiding and deceiving.There was only one way, and that was to tell the absolute truth, concealing nothing. To lay it all before her, what he had never offered to any other soul.And he wanted to do it. E ven though he knew it would make her turn away from him in the end, he needed to show Elena what he was.And so, staring(a) into the darkness outside the window, where flashes of blue brilliance occasionally lit the sky, he began.He spoke dispassionately, without emotion, carefully choosing his words. He told her of his father, that solid Renaissance man, and of his world in Florence and at their country estate. He told her of his studies and his ambitions. Of his crony, who was so different than he, and of the ill feeling between them.I dont know when Damon started hating me, he said. It was always that way, as long as I can remember. Maybe it was because my mother never really recovered from my birth. She died a few years later. Damon loved her very much, and I always had the feeling that he blamed me. He paused and swallowed. And then, later, there was a girl.The one I remind you of? Elena said softly. He nodded. The one, she said, more hesitantly, who gave you the ring?He glanc ed down at the silver ring on his finger, then met her eyes. Then, slowly, he drew out the ring he wore on the chain beneath his shirt and looked at it.Yes. This was her ring, he said. Without such a talisman, we die in sunlight as if in a fire.Then she was like you?She made me what I am. Haltingly, he told her about Katherine. about Katherines beauty and sweetness, and about his love for her. And about Damons.She was too gentle, filled with too much affection, he said at last, painfully. She gave it to everyone, including my brother. But finally, we told her she had to choose between us. And then she came to me.The memory of that night, of that sweet, terrible night came sweeping back. She had come to him. And he had been so happy, so full of awe and joy. He tried to tell Elena about that, to find the words. All that night he had been so happy, and even the attached morning, when he had awakened and she was gone, he had been throned on highest blissIt might almost have been a dre am, but the two little wounds on his neck were real. He was surprised to find that they did not hurt and that they seemed to be partially healed already. They were hidden by the high neck of his shirt.Herblood burned in his veins now, he thought, and the very words made his heart race. She had given her strength to him she had chosen him.He even had a smile for Damon when they met at the designated place that evening. Damon had been absent from the house all day, but he showed up in the meticulously landscaped garden precisely on time, and stood lounging against a tree, adjusting his cuff. Katherine was late.Perhaps she is tired, Stefan suggested, watching the melon-colored sky fade into deep midnight blue. He tried to keep the shy smugness from his voice. Perhaps she needs more rest than usual.Damon glanced at him sharply, his dark eyes piercing under the shock of black hair. Perhaps, he said on a rising note, as if he would have said more.But then they heard a light step on the pa th, and Katherine appeared between the box hedges. She was wearing her white gown, and she was as beautiful as an angel.She had a smile for both of them. Stefan returned the smile politely, speaking their secret only with his eyes. Then he waited.You asked me to make my choice, she said, looking first at him and then at his brother. And now you have come at the hour I appointed, and I exit tell you what I have chosen.She held up her small hand, the one with the ring on it, and Stefan looked at the stone, realizing it was the same deep blue as the evening sky. It was as if Katherine carried a piece of the night with her, always.You have both seen this ring, she said quietly. And you know that without it I would die. It is not easy to have such talismans made, but fortunately my woman Gudren is clever. And there are many silversmiths in Florence.Stefan was listening without comprehension, but when she turned to him he smiled again, encouragingly.And so, she said, gazing into his eyes . I have had a present made for you. She took his hand and pressed something into it. When he looked he saw that it was a ring in the same forge as her own, but larger and heavier, and wrought in silver instead of gold.You do not need it yet to face the sun, she said softly, smiling. But very soon you will.Pride and rapture made him mute. He reached for her hand to kiss it, wanting to take her into his arms right then, even in front of Damon. But Katherine was turning away.And for you, she said, and Stefan thought his ears must be betraying him, for surely the warmth, the fondness in Katherines voice could not be for his brother, for you, also. You will need ft very soon as well.Stefans eyes must be traitors, too. They were showing him what was impossible, what could not be. Into Damons hand Katherine was putting a ring just like his own.The silence that followed was absolute, like the silence after the worlds ending.Katherine- Stefan could barely force out the words. How can you g ive that tohim ? After what we shared-What you shared? Damons voice was like the crack of a whip, and he turned on Stefan angrily. Last night she came to me. The choice is already made. And Damon jerked down his high collar to show two tiny wounds in his throat. Stefan stared at them, fighting down the promising as a new penny(predicate) sickness. They were identical to his own wounds.He shook his head in utter bewilderment. But, Katherine it was not a dream. You came tome I came to both of you. Katherines voice was tranquil, even pleased, and her eyes were serene. She smiled at Damon and then at Stefan in turn. It has weakened me, but I am so glad I did. Dont you see? she continued as they stared at her, too stunned to speak. This is my choice I love you both, and I will not give either of you up. Now we all three will be together, and be happy.Happy- Stefan choked out.Yes, happy The three of us will be companions, joyous companions, forever. Her voice rose with elation, and the light of a radiant child shone in her eyes. We will be together always, never feeling sickness, never growing old, until the end of time That is my choice.Happy with him ? Damons voice was shaking with fury, and Stefan saw that his normally self-contained brother was white with rage. With thisboy standing between us, this prating, mouthing paragon of virtue? I can barely stand the sight of him now. I wish to God that I should never see him again, never hear his voice againAnd I wish the same ofyou , brother, snarled Stefan, his heart tearing in his breast. This was Damons fault Damon had poisoned Katherines mind so that she no longer knew what she was doing. And I have half a mind to make sure of it, he added savagely. Damon did not mistake his meaning. Then get your sword, if you can find it, he hissed back, his eyes black with menace.Damon, Stefan, please Please, no Katherine cried, putting herself between them, catching Stefans arm. She looked from one to the other, her blue eyes wide with shock and bright with unshed tears. Think of what you are saying. You are brothers.By no fault of mine, Damon grated, making the words a curse.But can you not make peace? For me, Damon Stefan?Please .Part of Stefan wanted to melt at Katherines desperate look, at her tears. But wounded pride and jealousy were too strong, and he knew his face was as hard, as unyielding, as Damons.No, he said. We cannot. It must be one or the other, Katherine. I will never share you withhim .Katherines hand fell away from his arm, and the tears fell from her eyes, great droplets that splashed onto the white gown. She caught her breath in a wrenching sob. Then, still weeping, she picked up her skirts and ran.And then Damon took the ring she had given him and put it on, Stefan said, his voice beefy with use and emotion. And he said to me, Ill have her yet,brother . And then he walked away. He turned, blinking as if hed come into a bright light from the dark, and looked at Elena.She was acade mic session quite still on the bed, watching him with those eyes that were so much like Katherines. Especially now, when they were filled with sorrow and dread. But Elena did not run. She spoke to him.And what happened then?Stefans hands clenched violently, reflexively, and he jerked away from the window. Not that memory. He could not endure that memory himself, much less try tospeak it. How could he do that? How could he take Elena down into that darkness and show her the terrible things lurking there?No, he said. I cant. Icant .You have to tell me, she said softly. Stefan, its the end of the story, isnt it? Thats whats behind all your walls, thats what youre fearful to let me see. But you must let me see it. Oh, Stefan, you cant stop now.He could feel the horror reaching for him, the yawning pit he had seen so clearly, felt so clearly that day long ago. The day when it had all ended-when it had all begun.He felt his hand taken, and when he looked he saw Elenas fingers closed abou t it, giving him warmth, giving him strength. Her eyes were on his. Tell me.You want to know what happened next, what became of Katherine? he whispered. She nodded, her eyes nearly blind but still steady. Ill tell you, then. She died the next day. My brother Damon and I, we killed her.

Poetry from Anthology

In this essay I provide be exploring how the poets expressed their views in a voiceless and effective way. I shall be writing about three rimes. Base Details by Siegfried Sassoon On the life of man by Walter Raleigh Those bastards in their mansions by Simon Armitage Base Details Siegfried Sassoon In this essay I will be describing the contrasts and explore the attitude of the poet in a strong and effective way. This metrical composition is written by Siegfried Sassoon, who was a soldier during the First World War. He used the big league and the soldiers as protagonists of this song.The poet has exposit the physical attributes of the majors who would stay at the base, because they were fat, wretched of breath. Siegfried uses number of abusive and mockery countersigns to describe their behaviour towards one another. In the beginning of the poem the poet says that hed live in with the majors at the base. He used abusive and mockery words to describe the physical attributes th ey posses. The poet says that Bald, short of breath and scarlet. The word bald-faced heart and soul that they didnt drive any hair on their head, and short of breath refers towards their shape and body figure.The lexis scarlet has a lot of meanings, but in their case it means that they were guilty. The majors were the main reason for the death of the soldiers. These three words highlight the characteristics of them, as well as it was mentioned in the first cardinal ducts of the poem. Afterwards, Siegfried immediately talks about the soldiers whose fate was inevitably a fateful misery. The author observes the fact that, they were active and they used to get forced towards the frontline. This is evidenced from the poem he states that And speed glum heroes up the line to death.Nevertheless, since they met their fate bravely and gave their life in the war, this made them a true hero. Additionally, the poet goes back to the translation of the majors actions. So the poet uses the w ord Guzzle and Gulp in the best hotel. In this context the poet describes that the poet himself and the majors would eat and drink in an profuse manner. hence the word guzzle means to eat in an excessive manner, and the word gulp to drink in an excessive manner as it makes a gulping sound, therefore the poet used them devil word to make it effective.Moreover, since the war is still happening the majors would continuously eat and drink. To such an extent that the poet has described their faces as Puffy and petulant, the poet has used the mockery words again to describe the majors. The word puffy means that they would be fat and petulant means to be swollen. Afterwards he uses the sarcasm attitude towards the soldiers by stating Poor young chap, Roll of Honour is an alliteration which the poet has used. Id say.Hed say poor young chap to show their grief towards the soldiers, and Roll of Honour is a faceless list of names of the soldiers. In reality the majors werent actually care d for them whilst they were burying the soldiers. Nevertheless, after burying them they would continue their sarcastic conversations about their innocent soldiers. Siegfried proofs this from the poem he says that Id say I used to know his father well yes, weve lost heavily in this scrap. This shows up their fake and strong relationship between them. He besides mentions the word scrap to describe the war.The majors would describe this war as a scrap. This war means nothing to them, regardless theyve lost heavily come of soldiers. This part of the poem is a technique of euphemisms. This war was alike a board games, how a player would sacrifice a counter to gain victory. In conclusion, the poet gives a scenario or a clear contrast of the soldiers and the majors. Theyd be scattered everywhere. I mean that the majors would toddle due to their fat and overeating. therefore theyd walk slowly and safely, since they are not at the battlefield.On the other side, the soldiers would be ston e dead this means that they would be still dead at the battlefield. Finally, the rhyming scheme of this poem is (ab, ab, cd, ee,). Also the last two lines of this poem is known as Rhyming Couplet. Since they rhyme at the end and those two words are dead and bed. Those Bastards in their mansions Simon Armitage This poem is written by Simon Armitage, he has dedicated this poem towards the poor people, and this poem is from the collection of fetching a stand. This poem features the division between the poor and the rich.Simon Armitage is totally against it therefore he is taking a stand harboring the poor from the rich. Thus, I will be explaining this poem. Firstly, the author is referring the rich people as bastards which is on the first line of the poem, because if there was to be a poor walking in front of their house they would ask each other who is he? , wherefore is he dressed in that manner? where is he from? etc. Thats why the author referred them as bastards. In this situ ation the rich people would be alarmed and clutch their possessions closer.After while, he says that he would save the poor masses and protect them from different kind of destruction, and bring them a form of benefit. Id poisoned the dogs and vaulted the ditches gives a form of proof from the poem itself. Moreover, there state is really ragged because not only theres a division between them, the poor people would also get oppressed by the rich. Thus, Simon Armitage decides to emit through the front door, it is also evidenced form the fifth line of first stanza, so that he would bring them benefit.This is clearly observed in line six. The gift of fire from the burning torches. These properties are like gift thus he used the word gift to show the preciousness of it. This part of the poem refers towards the Greek mythology about Prometheus and genus Zeus. Prometheus was Greek God and also the first god to create human beings. Not only that he stole fire from Zeus and distributed it t owards the whole of humanity. Zeus became really furious, upon knowing that Prometheus gave a precious element to the mankind. in that respectfore, Zeus punished Prometheus by chaining him to the peak of a mountain, so that everyday eagles would thwack from his liver. Since, Prometheus was immortal each night his liver would grow back. Nevertheless, after distributing the properties he would teach them how to get rid off themselves from the great oppression and how to pile a stand against the cruelty of the rich. Thereafter, since they dont have any weapons to face against the rich, what they would do is that they would use the homogeneous chains and shackles which they were tied by.They use those chains to take a stand against the rich and break the division of the privileged ones and the non-privileged ones. In conclusion, the poet is alarming himself bravely in the second line of third stanza that theyd have me sniffed out by their beagles. Simon speaks regarding their troops of dogs, which the rich would keep to guard their properties. Since in the beginning of the poem talks about poisoning the dogs, therefore the dogs certainly will be able to catch and hell get imprisoned as well as face other severe consequences.But on the last stanza he says that me, I stick to the shadows carry a gun, here the poet clearly and bravely shows himself that hes fearless and hed hide himself from those bastards in their mansions. On the life of Man Sir Walter Raleigh This poem has been written about the life, by using extended metaphor throughout the poem. It also gives a figure of idea by looking at its title. It has been written by Sir Walter Raleigh. He has expressed his attitude and his views towards this life as a form of Sacrifice. There are other numerous views regarding this life.I will be exploring his attitude in a strong and effective way. In the beginning, Sir Walter Raleigh asks a rhetorical enquiry that What is Life. consequently he gives immediate res ponse by saying A play of Passion. The word play is referring towards the life, meaning that how it works or it carries on etc. in this context it is blatantly giving the indication towards a theatre play. The poet has used the theatre play to show the example of life. Then he tells the situation of life, therefore he says his opinion upon saying the word passion.Passion is giving the meaning of going through strong emotions and lot of sacrifices. There are many people whod go through sacrifices in their life. The most famous example is Christ, who went through lot sacrifices, to such an extent that he died to take away his peoples sins. Later on, he states that there is a small amount of laughter or amusements takes place in our life. He compares this amusement as a small amount of time. Therefore, he says that Our mirth the music of division. He indicates this back to the play, this shows that when all the actors go for a short interval.Whilst more or less orchestra will appear on the stage to entertain the audiences as well as some will eat, talk, or go to the toilet. This is done so that they fag end split up the acts. Additionally, the poet talks about the beginning of life. He takes the human beings as actors and a place where they would get dressed. He states Our mothers uterus the tiring houses can be. He uses the word womb to link it towards the green room, and then the poet elaborates more about this point to show what happens. He states come along upon saying Where we are dressed for this short comedy.Sir Walter supports the view of life as short progression of time therefore he has mentioned the word short as well as comedy. The word comedy refers towards a play which ends happily. Moreover, Sir Walter Raleigh identifies a link of life with God. He asserts that God is reflection us sharply, thus he quotes Heaven the judicious sharp spectator is, he is using metaphor to make God as our audience. The poet strongly believes that he will get acco unted for whatever he does in this life. Therefore, he explains further that god is looking over us continuously and judging us fit to our actions.He says That sits and marks still who doth act amiss. Meanwhile, the author describes the grave where everyone will end up at the end of their life. He quotes our graves that hide us from the searching Sun. The poet is using the word hide to show that the earth will be filled over us. He uses metaphor of the stage again, like the way he has mentioned at the beginning. He gives an example on saying that Are like drawn curtains that when the play gets done the curtain draws close, exactly the same way a life of a person ends by filling earth over him/her.Finally, the poet ends this poem describing the progression of time. He states thus march we playing to our latest rest. The word rest shows that theyll be in luxury in the next world, since a person has sacrificed or take this life as strong emotions. It also show that the poet is being theist based on this fact. Then on the last line he says only we die in earnest and, thats no jest. He is referring towards the poem once more that, this life is nothing or it has no value to him. Therefore, he has mentioned the word earnest and jest to show that we truly die and thats no joke nor its fake.

Ford Motor Company: Options for a Successful Future

The future of Ford Motor Company and its ability to remain at the top of the automotive industry requires the company to focus on ingatherings, resources, planning, and implementation. Decisions essentialiness be made relative to product lines, gross sales. and re-directing the organizations resources for future success. In aver to do so, four options have been recognized and the company must determine which options are best suited to move the company in a positive direction. Discuss at least cardinal criteria the company should office to decide which of the four listed options is best and the reasons why each criterion should be used.Ford Motor Company has the option to close down older plants in an effort to realign production and sales. The criteria identified in order to determine if this option is in Fords best interest include What leave alone be the total cost to the company to buy out employees, close plants and the political ramifications of this decision? What are f uture trends? What is the differential between production and sales? The second option for Ford Motor Company to determine is whether to name only small cars, eliminating or sharply reducing the SUV and truck lines.In order to determine the validity of this option, the company would need to evaluate the following Can fuel economy be realized in these particular vehicle lines without solid cost being passed on to the consumer? Will there be a continuing market for SUVs? How will reducing or eliminating truck lines affect general sales? Option number three requires reducing the North American presence and focusing more on international markets where Ford has been very successful. The determine criteria for this option includes What is the sustainability of the Ford score in the international market?How will reducing or removing North American presence affect the overall brand? Can reducing North American presence act as a catapult and raise demand for Ford vehicles in that geogra phical perspective? The fourth option to be considered by Ford is the possibility of selling its luxury line the PAG group. The determining factors for choosing this option would include Performing a cyberspace and loss analysis of the group to determine the losses sustained by the company relative to continuing to invest in this product line. Could redirecting investment from this product be snap off spent lsewhere? In light of the possibility that market conditions can and do change, discuss at least three examples of how the company should build-in tractability to back up its decision-making process. The possibility of market fluctuation is imminent. Therefore, Ford must be certain to build in flexibility to sustain change. Using an options base approach will allow flexibility by reserving resources such as time, people, money, or production capacity. (Williams, 2010). By maintaining flexibility, Ford will be better furnish to adjust to changes and fluctuations in the mark et.Discuss how an efficacious legal action plan can be created and how progress can be tracked. Creating an effective action plan involves ambit both short term (proximal) and long term (distal) goals. Achieving short term goals is motivational to the employees who will assist in the achievement of the long term goal. short-circuit term goals are more easily attainable than long term goals. However, long term goals are essential. Another way to track the progress of an action plan is by providing frequent feedback regarding performance to workers and employees. This will allow Ford to make adjustments in order to achieve goals. Williams, 2010) List at least three steps that make-up a workable plan and explain why each is important. Setting goals is the first step in creating an action plan. Goals should be specific, attainable, pictorial and timely (S. M. A. R. T. ). (Williams, 2010) Once goals have been set, a workable plan that develops commitments to the goals must be create d. Enlisting the commitment of upper level management and employees is essential to achieving goals. An effective action plan indicates who, what and when for accomplishing goals. (Williams, 2010). The best options for Ford Motor Company would be to limit production of SUVs.Todays economy lends itself to more fuel efficient, eco-friendly vehicles. With be adrift prices soaring to new heights on a weekly basis, maintaining a large SUV is simply no longer cost effective for the average American family. The price point for this type of vehicle is also a downside to ownership. However, the truck lines produced by Ford should remain intact. Fords truck line has fuck off known as a reliable brand and people take stock in the Ford brand when it comes to company fleet vehicles, construction vehicles and plane the agricultural and farming industries rely on the Ford truck brand.Without question, Ford should sell the PAG group. With losses i n the billions and rising, resources from this p roduct line could be redirected into better selling casualtys such as the smaller vehicle product line discussed earlier. Ford does not have to rely on the PAG group for growth and profits. This venture is simply a dog that needs to be put down. The option to reduce SUV production and sell the PAG group would be the options best suited to produce growth and stability in Ford Motor Company.These options allow Ford to focus on the traditional product lines of smaller and more economical vehicles and changeless truck lines. Producing more cars than it can sell at this point in time would be detrimental to their future success. More inventory does not jibe to more sales. The PAG is a loss that continues to be a thorn in Fords side. Eliminating this group would free billions of dollars for re-investment into fuel consciousness research for smaller vehicles while upgrading the truck lines. Implementing these options will contribute to Fords longevity, profitability and growth.

Meaning of Life and Poem Essay

Introduction Chinodya is a graduate of the University of Zimbabwe. A good writer, he won the first prize in Literature in English in the Zimbabwean Book Publishers Associations Award in 1991. He has also produce several childrens books in his life. Discussion There is no set gargonntee to unlock the meaning of a poem. Each poem dictates an individual mode of approach. A useful approach to the analysis or discussion of a poem is to list some of the elements that are foregrounded in the poem.M H Abrams defines foregrounding as follows To foreground is to bring something into the highest prominence, to make it dominant in perception (Abrams 1993274). Foregrounding whitethorn be achieved in several ways. The writer may repeat certain(prenominal) words or an entire line to draw our attention. Sometimes, the typography (setting of type) and punctuation may be manipulated for effect. Even images, such as visual or auditory, may be heightened for attention.Now that you know the meaning of the term foregrounding, use it sometimes in your discourse of poetry. Just as Banoobhai foregrounds irony in his poem Hes a Good Boy, This One. Chinodya foregrounds certain elements in his poem for our immediate attention. Before proceeding any further, list at least triad elements that are foregrounded in Recollection. Your list would probably look like this . Repetition of words remember, thorn . Use of sound devices (appealing to the sense of hearing). Use of tint (appealing to the sense of sight) . Conversational tone . Use of long vowel sounds to slow down the rhythm . and so on. Try to incorporate some of the above points in your discussion of the poem. The English poet William Wordsworth celebrates the power of the imagination to recall and re-live memorable experiences in his famous poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud (often referred to as The Daffodils). Chinodyas poem is reminiscent of Wordsworths poem.The foregrounding of the word remember, by its repetition, suggests th at the speakers memories of his childhood days are vivid. It also induces a nostalgic mood which contributes to the overall effect of the poem. Minute details such as crouching thorn trees, criss-crossing bush paths and coarse crop of grass suggest memories that are still alive after all these years. Unlike Wordsworths poem, Recollection sketches a past which was not always idyllic (look up the meaning and orthoepy of this word if you are not sure).In the third stanza, the speakers description of his childhood days is interrupted by the unpleasant memory of a harsh law I remember the big sign that said Something about people not being allowed in ? Such memories are ineradicable and often shape our attitudes as adults. We recall how in our own country apartheid laws restricted Black people (including Indians and Coloureds) free access to public places. Although as a child the speaker was too young to know the significance of the big sign, its effect on him as an adult is a lasting o ne.

Pompeii: Life and Death Essay

It took only 19 hours, not raze a full day. That was all the time it requisite on high- fluxn 24, 70 A. D. to bury Pompeii (Rosella Lorenzi). Mount Vesuvius, stabooh of Pompeii and the cities of Herculaneum and Stabiae (Encarta) erupted, releasing tons of volcanic debris, pumice, ash, and sulfuric gas reaching several miles into the air (Eyewitness to History). The turn tabu firestorm of lethal gases and red risque volcanic debris overwhelmed the neighboring communities that suffocated the residents of the cities beside Pompeii, namely Herculaneum and Stabiae (Eyewitness).Tons of debris falling from the skies began to fill the streets (Eyewitness). The belch of Vesuvius effectively annihilated the townspeopleship (Mummy Tombs). The volcanic ash and debris rainfalled on the town for 18 or so hours, reaching heights of 8 to 10 feet (Mummy Tombs). After the explosion and the rain of debris, the e electric outlet was followed by nuee ardente, extremely hot gas that engulfed Pomp eii in six deadly waves (Mummy Tombs). What happened to Pompeii and the neighboring towns? History of Pompeii Pompeii was situated in the mouth of the present-day Sarno River (Encarta).Oscans in 600 BC , who were later conqured by the Samnites (Encarta). Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the roman print dictator, made Pompeii into a Roman colony in the year 80 BC (Encarta). Pompeii later developed into a resort town for the enjoyment of wealthy Romans (Encarta). Romans be coarseing to the upper echelons of the Roman government enjoyed the pleasures of the resort town nestled in their villas adjoin the Bay of Naples (Smatch). At the beginning of the Christian period in history, Pompeii reached a population of about 20,000 people (Encarta).Aside from the wealthy and middle class Romans who enjoyed the worldly pleasures of the city, there was a larger than usual number of slaves and freemen (Smatch). They were the ones who took care of the needs of the vacationing Romans and other travellers, tourists and others who would indulge in the pleasures that the city had to take a expressive styleer (Smatch). Aside from the pleasures that the city rolled out for the travellers and tourists, the city was also an important plenty destination and route (Encarta).The regions natural resources had allowed Campania to develop its trade and raise their living standards (Minnesota State University Mankato). The shoreline surrounding the Gulf of Naples soon became the address of the country residences of members of the aristocracy of the Roman Empire (Minnesota). As the city became more wealthy, they developed their luxury service sector, enhanced their trade with other states, and enhanced their agriculture (Minnesota). It would look as if Pompeii was firmly established in the spiritedness of the Roman Empire (Minnesota).Or was it just the window to mishap? Signs of the impending disaster The citizens of Pompeii had no idea that Vesuvius carried with it the death of the town (Prof essor Andrew Wadrice-Hadrill). The Romans had an extreme interest in the prediction of the future (Wadrice-Hadrill). They prided themselves in being able to bear witness the times that the gods were going to unleash their wrath on them, and utilise the signs, such as strange occurences and births, to determine these things (Wadrice- Hadrill). moreover even with these as references, Vesuvius ease gave out no warning signs (Wadrice- Hadrill).Even though Mount Vesuvius had once been active, the volcano remained dormant for the most sort out of human memory for the residents of Pompeii and the outlying(prenominal) communities (Minnesota). Since there was no recorded incident that the volcano was destructive, the residents didnt realize the danger that was about to befall the town (Minnesota). The city was rocked by an earthquake on the 5th of February , AD 62 (Minnesota). The quake began as the residents heard what they describes as a prolonged, subdued roar that shook the airfie ld nobody could tell the origin or even identify what it was (Minnesota).Soon subsequently, the buildings began to shake and collapse, and the people ran into the streets (Minnesota). The people ran from the towns thinking that they will be safe from the falling debris (Minnesota). But they fell into the deep cracks that the eruption opened up in the earth (Minnesota). Adding to the snake pit was the flooding caused by the bursting of the towns reservior (Minnesota). Though the quake proved fatal, it did not last long it was followed by another quake after an hour (Minnesota). The tremors occurred throughout the rest of the day, until the evening hours (Minnesota).Earthquakes by themselves were taken to be omens of things to come (Wadrice- Hadrill). Roman historian Cassius Dio wrote that he observed the presence of giants running on the land on numerous occasions (Wadrice-Hadrill). This observation of Dio carried an baleful sign for the town, because according to the Romans, the volacanoes in the southern part of the Italian peninsula was the burial place of almost rebellious giants that were defeated by the gods (Wadrice Hadrill). It was the giants movements that bought about these eruptions (Wadrice Hadrill). The destruction of PompeiiAfter the destruction of Pompeii caused by the earthquake in AD 62, the people spent seventeen days repairing the damage wrought upon their town (Minnesota). It was their intent to make their town even more pulchritudinous than it was before the tremor (Minnesota). As the citizens of the region rebuilt their towns, trade began once again to flourish and they became wealthy again (Minnesota). As the life of those living in Pompeii and the outlying communities unfolded, they did not have any sense of the impending catastrophe waiting to explode on their city.The wrath of the gods The beginning of the end for Pompeii began on the 24th of August of 79AD (Minnesota). There were small upheavals of the ground, but since the trem ors were so small and insignificant, hardly anyone gave them a second notice (Minnesota). Springs and other sources of drinking water for the people dried up, an ominous sign that indicated the anger of the gods (Minnesota). Other signs of the impending destruction soon followed the omens. On the 20th of August, cracks had began to appear on the surface of the land, accompanied by rumblings (Minnesota).The calm ocean of the Gulf gave way to high waves. Livestock-horses, cattle and even birds- all of them became uneasy and restless, as if they could sense the disaster about to befall the town (Minnesota). In the dayspring hours of August 24, 79 AD, Vesuvius detonated with such violent force (Minnesota). Mud, smoke and poisonous fumes rumbled down the mountain, sending a deluge of ash and red hot rocks on the countryside (Minnesota). Farms situated on the slopes of the erupting giant were obliterated, as well as some plantations and homes of wealthy Romans (Minnesota).Acrid fumes tha t came with the volcanic debris further contributed to the chaos that reigned during the eruption (Minnesota). These fumes made the residents of Pompeii to suffer from delusions, then asphyxiated them causing to be suffocated and die (Minnesota). Others chose just to lock themselves in their rooms, while others tried to fly the anarchy with their beasts of burden (Minnesota). Some that chose to stay, thinking that the structures in the towns such as buildings and the like would support the rain of ash and debris, but would eventually be killed by the same structures they had sought refuge (Minnesota).Others would be overcome by the stench from the gases, while others would die getting buried in the falling ash (Minnesota). And the hatful of the ash that fell on the town of Pompeii was truly enormous (Smatch). Pompeii, situated about eight kilometers south from the volcano, was entombed in about 3 meters deep of ashfall (Smatch). But thicker pyroclastic deposits would destroy the t owns of Herculaneum and Stabiae, buried under 20 meters of volcanic ash and debris (Smatch). Pieces of volcanic debris called tephra flew to around 70 miles of the site, and other debris were found hundreds of miles far out (Smatch).Even some in Rome claimed to have seen the column of smoke from the eruption, and even heard the rumblings from the volcano (Smatch). Modern day scientists have estimated the great deal of the pyroclastic debris that was ejected from Vesuvius to be quartette cubic kilomters (Smatch). Among the dead in the destruction of Pompeii was Pliny the Elder, author of the book Natural History (Smatch). Pliny the Elder had been given the command of the resort town as a gift (Smatch). He died trying to drive home the people caught in the eruption of the volcano, as the account of his nephew, Pliny the Younger, would bear out (Smatch).Lines of dialogue to the stricken town had been cut, but there was evidence of some rescue attempts made (Smatch). Imprints of Rom an sandals were engraved on the top ashfall layers testifies that there were rescue attempts, theoritically attributed to the Roman garrisons that had survived the eruption (Smatch). The fleet of the Roman Empire stationed at Misenum had been dispatched to Pompeii by Pliny the Elder to assist in the evacuation efforts at Pompeii and the surrounding areas (Awesome Stories).The elder Pliny, who commanded the fleet, sent the ships for the rescue effort while he personally directed efforts at Stabiae (Awesome Stories). This is where he met his death on August 24, falling to a heart attack (Awesome Stories). all in all, the death toll of the eruption of Vesuvius, was a staggering 16,000 people, including 2,000 in Pompeii (Awesome Stories). Uncovering the past Pompeii had lain silent under the debris for at least 1500 years (Encarta). In 1748, efforts were undertaken to discover the anicient community, entombed under 3 meters of ash, frozen in limbo in the acount of Pliny the Younger (Lo renzi).German archaelogist Johann Joachim Winkelmann imparted the importance of the discoveries to the world (Encarta). What was remarkable about the discoveries of the rest of Pompeii was the degree of preservation of artifacts in the ruins (Encarta). The ash fall that engulfed the town basically produced an envelope around the town, sealing the town from the decay of the elements, shielding the artifacts, structures, buildings, temples, shops, baths and houses (Encarta).Some of the discoveries in the town included the frame of the 2000 people believed to be left in the rescue efforts, including Roman gladiators that were left tied to stop them form escaping or cleanup position themselves (Encarta). The ashes, that were mixed with rainfall, had remained on the bodies of the people, forming molds around the remains after the bodies had turned to dust (Encarta). These hollow spaces were filled out and were molded around the bodies of those killed in the eruption (Encarta). These m olds were maintain and put on display at the Porta Marina Museum (Encarta).These were formed by the air space left over when the human remains of the victims turned to ash, and the excavators poured in liquid plaster into the air spaces, since the air spaces left an imprint of the body that was encapsulated in the ash (Mummy Tombs). These plaster mummies gave an image of the debacle that befell Pompeii and the surrounding areas (Mummy Tombs). Aside from the remains that shut in the tragedy of the people in Pompeii, the ruins gave a striking and vivid insight into the daily life of the Romans in the day (Eyewitness).As many of the residents of Pompeii had take flight the tragedy, they carried with them anything that was readily movable (Encarta). After the eruption, these residents came back and dug tunnels through the ash around the houses and the structures in the town, removing even slabs of marble on the pillars and walls (Encarta). Save for these things, what was left of the town, some of the wall paintings and the frescos left in the city have been taken from the site and housed in the National Museum located in Naples (Encarta).If pieced together, the structures, buildings and what was left of the movable items gave students of history a thorough and complete picture of the daily life in an Italian city in the provinces of the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD (Encarta). The structures that remained stand gave historians valuable information on the study of the architectural designs of the Romans (Encarta). These buildings and other standing structures gave a framework of the transition of a Greek style of building to the methods that the Romans used in building their edifices (Encarta).Many people assumed, as discused earlier in the paper, that the people in Pompeii had been killed by suffocation (Lorenzi). But research focusing on the fractures and the position of the bodies of the victims suggest another horrific way of death for them (Lorenz i). Research on the bodies in Pompeii suggest that they may have been killed almost instantly from the caloric surges that roared down the beach area with such velocity that it covered the distance of seven miles all the way to the coast in just about four minutes (Lorenzi). This occurred in the second and possibly third phases of the eruption (Smatch).The first part of the eruption included the primary ejection of the volcano of several meters of what is called inflated pumice on the town (Smatch). Inflated pumice are glass-like fragments expanded by the gases and volcanic steam (Smatch). The second and third waves of the eruption happened either when the vent of the volcano widened or the volatility level of the material had diminshed (Smatch). At this time, the plume of the cloud, 33 kilometers high, imploded and the material it carried rushed down the slopes with refreshedly acquired hot gases and pyroclastic materials (Smatch).Searing surges, some as hot as 500 degrees centi grade, swooped over the towns (Smatch). These surges literally flattened everything surrounding the volcano and its neighboring areas, killing run into evertything that ran against its path- humans, livestock and plant life (Smatch). The town of Herculaneum, though to be buried under the layers by lehars or mudflows coming from the volcano after an eruption, was in reality entombed by these pyroclastic flows (Smatch). The primary head of the flow covered the distance from the summit to the town in just under four minutes, a distance of 6 kilometers (Smatch).The third phase of the eruption began the encapsulation of the blameless area with a light and finer area of a thick layer of volcanic ash, known as tuff (Smatch). Excavation of the site The mickle of Pompeii had lingered around for many centuries, but no serious undertaking had been done to excavate the ruins (Dr. Salvatore Ciro Nappo). But the exploration and discovery of Pompeii began in earnest in an area called Civita in the year 1748 (Ciro Nappo). In the first stage of the of the work, the main goal was the discovery of items of art for the private art trove of Charles III, who reigned from 1759 to 1788 (Ciro Nappo).These artifacts were removed from the site and hauled off to Naples, where they are presently housed in the National Museum (Ciro Nappo). Other paintings and art works from the site were either lost or stripped from their placings on the walls and then framed (Ciro Nappo). Still other items were lost due to irreparability or to damage (Ciro Nappo). After the ransacking of the site, structures such as the Villa de Cicerone and the Villa di Giulia Felice were the next targets, but some scholars, such as the German Winckelmann, strongly countered the move, as they had done against the previous decimation (Ciro Nappo).Because of the pressure they bought to bear against the initiative, the policy was put to a halt in some ways, although the wall paintings were still being stripped (Ciro Napp o). By the turn of the century, twin areas had been unearthed the Quartiere dei Teatri and the Via delle Tombbe and the Villa di Diomede (Ciro Nappo). Karl Weber and Francisco La Vega were the archaelogists with the most involvement in this part of the excavatioon (Ciro Nappo). They wrote extensive diary notes on the elevate of their work and the designs of the structures that they uncovered (Ciro Nappo).Then the territory came under the control of the French (Ciro Nappo). It was during this period in the chronology of the jab that the methodogy used in the excavation took a new turn (Ciro Nappo). During this time, the excavation became more standardized, and itineraries were made for visits of scholars and other important people to the work site (Ciro Nappo). The French had valued to make a systematic way for unearthing the site, progressing from the east to the wset of the dig site (Ciro Nappo).At one point of their work on the site, they had in their employ as many as 1500 lab orers, resulting in a large scale excavation of the buried town, as the Foro, the Casa di Pansa, Casa di Sallustio and the Casa del Chrirurgo were all unearthed (Ciro Nappo). In 1863, Giuseppe Fiorelli took charge of the Pompeii excavations from 1863 to 1875 (Ciro Nappo). Fiorelli imposed a new method for the direction of the excavation work. alternatively of the current method of unearthing the streets as the first step in the work, Fiorelli directed that the work begin from the top going down to the streets of the town (Ciro Nappo).What he wanted to do was enforce a new system of preserving the artifacts that were discovered as the group worked its way down to the streets of the town (Ciro Nappo). With the information accumulated in the excavation, the entropy could be utilized in the restoration and rebuilding of the structures as well as their interiors (Ciro Nappo). Fiorelli also devised the plans to make use of the plaster molds to restore the forms of the plant life and the human remains that had been enveloped in the downfall of the volcanic ash (Ciro Nappo).These plaster mummies, as earlier discussed, were formed as the bodies of the victims underwent declension, or turned into dust after centuries of being trapped in the ash (Mummy Tombs). The holes, as they were termed, were filled by plaster, allowing the molds to render the forms of the bodies entombed in the ash (Mummy Tombs). The plaster casts of the bodies were discovered in several areas of the excavation site, among them the Garden of the Fugitives, the Stabian Thermal Baths, the Horrea and the Forum, and the Macellum (Mummy Tombs).At present, at least 44 of the towns 66 hectares have been uncovered, and the remaining 22 hectares of the town has been determined off limits to excavation (Ciro Nappo). This was decided upon as to preserve this area for the future generations to discover (Ciro Nappo). To date, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius is still ranked as among the most lethal volcanic inci dents in history (Awesome Stories). Vesuvius is a graphic reminder of how virulent and dangerous volcanoes can be (Christopher Joyce).

Automobile Pollution Essay

Automobiles can cause many different kinds of pollution in the purlieu. Air, health and groundwater pollution ar of the most common. The reasons for these problems can be contributed to exhaust systems and sparkling switches that are standard equipment on most cars today. Older and newer cars alike are equipped with a catalytic converter system. Which are supposed to convert hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into harmless materials emitted from the automobiles engine. According to Robert Harley, when nitrogen oxide from the engines exhaust is over- reduced, a complex chemical re moveion ensues. ammonia gas (NH3) forms in the catalytic converter, which is then emitted from the vehicles tailpipe and released into the air. These ammonia gasses are the cause of haze and may also cause serious health problems. The catalytic converter not nevertheless hurts but also helps the environment. Automobiles that name this system on them produce close to 50% less hydrocarbons , carbon monoxide and other gasses. (Converters 1) Which in the considerable run helps the ozone from depleting even more than it has already. Another problem we face is having vehicles with mercury light switches in the trunk and hood.Mercury is a fluid metallic member that is toxic and can cause various health problems, air and groundwater pollution also. cut across is one of the automobile companies that still use mercury in light switches and certain antilock brake components. The mercury becomes a problem only after vehicles containing it are taken to a junkyard and destroyed. When these vehicles are destroyed the mercury seeps out into the environment and is absorbed into the ground eventually to make its way in to our water supplies. While in the water it can contaminate the fish that in farm we end up eating.Another way the mercury makes it way into the environment is during the process of melting the vehicles in steel furnaces where the mercury vaporizes into the air. ( Mercury 1) These particles then can act as a contribution to global warming. Ford has been urged to remove these mercury switches and replace them with a ball bearing switch that costs about 38 cents in all vehicles that are brought in for service, repair, or recall. As of right now Ford has no plans of removing these mercury switches in any of its serviced vehicles.But Ford is currently working with the Alliance of Automobile Manufactures and the Association of International Automobile Manufactures and waste-management directors to eliminate and replace the switches containing mercury in their upcoming vehicles. (Mercury 2) If Ford and other car companies that use mercury switches decide to do this it can eliminate up to 2. 5 tons of mercury from our environment. The problems of automobile pollution mentioned above are only a small portion of the pollution problems we face from automobiles.Many people wonder how these and many other problems that automobiles cause can be fixed, and many bear come up with possible solutions. But only a few of the solutions are actually practical. I think we should abolish gas burning engines and run low using electrical vehicles. This would eliminate all of the pollution problems. Electric vehicles were once thought to only be a futuristic fantasy, but recently have become a reality. These vehicles are a very environmentally friendly replacement for older gas burning automobiles.Electric vehicles do not require tune-ups or oil changes. These vehicles also dont emit any ozone depleting gasses and or fumes. Making them a perfect remedy for the already hurting environment. As of right now the idea of an electric car is still in it works and the common gas burning automobile will be more or less for many more years to come. All we can do is hope that one day that someone will come with a vehicle that is environmentally safe and can help eliminate these problems that automobiles cause today.

Examples of Satire in Adventures of Huckfinn Essay

manakin 1 The first example of chaff is from chapter 16 when a homeowner sees Jim and thinks that he is an intruder and sends his dogs on to him, then as before long as he realizes that Huck is with him he calls them off, this is a form of satire because it is funny because pack often do that to people depending on their race, as in racial profiling. For example if he had seen Huck first he may non have sent his dogs onto them.Example 2 The second example of satire is from chapter 17, when Huck stays with the Grangerfords in this chapter they mention how much they hate the Shepherdsons this may be a satire about how much society hates gods children, because Jesus is our shepherd and Christians are His children therefore making all Christians the Shepherds children. Although not all of society hates Christians, it has become politically coiffure to not be a Christian for some reason and in our public schools they are teaching everyone but Christianity and that almost reflects H ucks situation.Example 3 Shortly after that someone tries to shoot Harney, but misses, they may be a satire of how when Jews tried to killed Jesus they failed in doing so.Example 4 The only clear satire in chapter 20 is that how the Duke and the King are more touch on about how they are going to catch Jim, the run-away slave, and not concerned about the man who is robbing every one of their money. This is a satire to about how our government today is more worried about video piracy and not other very important matters.Example 5 This last satire was not written to apply to this matter but it fits perfectly, in chapter 22 the bilk and Dauphin finally put on their show after a long time of planning and work and choreography, but only 12 people escape the show, this may be a satire example of Obama Care, and how Obama spent so much money and time to produce it but when it was actually releasedless people signed up for it than people signed the petition to revoke Justin Bieber. Modern Day ExamplesExample 1 This picture illustrated that our generation uses electronics too much and that crimson people go to the park they still just sit and use social media or play games on their electronics instead of using the park for what it was built for. (See television 1)Example 2 This example if of Obama trying to outlaw guns even though they are basically the only thing keeping him alive, and he doesnt even realize that outlaws, the ones who are killing people are going to get guns anyways because they are outlaws for crying out loud, they dont obey the law. (See Picture 2)

Happiness in Marriage Essay

What changes did Sanger describe in married relations in juvenile generations? Marriage was synonymous with maternity. But the pain, the pathetic, the wrecked lives of women and children that such a system caused, show us that it did non work successfully. Like all other professions, motherhood must serve its period of apprenticeship. What changes did Sanger hope would suffice about if unplanned pregnancies inactive occur in the United States? Sanger hoped if unplanned pregnancy could be prevented it would renounce the husband and wife to become more stable before planning a decision of having a child.That in the end it would help them to support and afford proper care for the child. Do debates concerning birth mold and unplanned pregnancies quiet down occur in the U. S.? Yes debates still occur in the United States some churches still dont recognize birth control and dont allowed abortion. Are Sangers points still relevant and explain your decision? I would say yes, its stil l relevant because of high come of young adults having unplanned pregnancy without knowledge of the future and the risk of having a unborn child at a young age.How do Sangers views on marriage apply to todays comment of marriage (single parents, same sex parenting, and blended families). Sanger s definition apply to a happy family relationship between husband and wife, but for today society we have different types of parents some are in same sex, divorce and single parent who are just happy to have a children and do the responsibility of the parent even if the child is theirs or not, but for me I will not include the OctoMom Nadya Suleman on the single parenting because she cannot support those kids and now that its the tax payers money is suffering from her wrong doing.

Abridging Cultural Differences in Learning Essay

The world is non only undisturbed of unalike races that come from different countries but too comprised of innumerable enculturations unique from each other. Races from all round the world ar greatly diverse. The diversity includes differences in practices, traditions and other cultural manifestations. finale is one of the discriminable characteristics of a group of state living in society. Culture is embedded in the community and is illustrated in various forms. In fact, even architectural design depicts culture of multitude in a special place.Culture shapes and reshapes a psyches individuality. It is do workd by various factors including socio-political, sociological, religion, and historical. Culture continually conform and formulate to provide the ever-changing inquires of the people in the society. The difference in cultural identity of the people could be attributed to the inherent beliefs, traditions and practices they adhere or grew up with. It is excessively due to the geographical locations of where we live because culture should match or fit to the geographical and topographical characteristics of the place.For these characteristics greatly concerns some aspects of the culture. acquire Styles Learning plays a big role in the lives of people for it is essential in acquiring knowledge that is habituated in understanding things. Learning is an inherent kind-hearted ability that is honed by factors that affects this special(a) human surgical operation wish well parenting, formal schooling, experience etc. The process of square offing is never-ending, as people reach old grow they still acquire new things like information and knowledge they will be able to utilize in some way.Learning has biological and sociological aspects or dimensions. These aspects affect learnedness either in a positive or shun way. Students may pay off different processes in taking in information and different ways of accomplishment. Teaching strategie s and methods also vary among teachers. Whenever teacher-student education dash methods and preference are the same, acquisition is much likely successful. When on that point is an existing discrepancy in the learning path pet by both students and teachers, the students run away to get bored and become inattentive to the lessons (Felder).Every individual have their preferred way of learning things. They are often un assured of this particular preference, they are just aware that they learn more of things that way. People tend to learn more using certain activities and methods than others (Melkman & Trotman, 2005). The learning style preferences determine how people learn and the comfortable way in which they were able to learn more. These preferences exert influence learning efficacy (Melkman & Trotman, 2005).Some of the biological aspects of learning are sound and light (Shalaway & Beech, 1998), some people could not digest the things they should learn in the presence of lou d noise and dim light, while at that place are some people who understand more of the lesson under that certain circumstances. The perception of an individual also affects the learning process of an individual. State of mental health is also another aspect that affects the learning process in which we determine if a person could easily learn the things being taught to them.This is where we could separate fast, average and unbend learners. Developmental and sociological aspects that affect the cognitive processes include motivation (Shalaway & Beech, 1998), in which some persons need to be motivated in order to digest what is being taught. Being in the in-group also one of the factors that is generally seen in the school setting where students are more eager to go to school when they are not ostracized by the cliques or social groups. In most classroom settings, noise is not tolerated.Teachers react negatively whenever students squirm or wriggle in their seats, whenever they tap t heir desks with their pencils or whenever they show restlessness. However, studies prove that some children need such activities for then to able to concentrate, think and learn (Shalaway & Beech, 1998). Research shows that when the learning preference of the children, either their biological or sociological aspect, there is a notable increase in achievement and behavioral response. Teachers also have individualized learning styles that affect their way of teaching.When the learning styles of the teacher and students happen to be the same, the more the students will learn (Shalaway & Beech, 1998). Various sources discussed many types of learning style preferences. The three main learning style preferences are the auditory, visual and kinesthetic. The auditory learning style explains that some students learn more using their whizz of hearing. They tend to get oral instructions easily. The visual learning style, on the other hand, explains how some students tend to learn more using t heir sense of sight.They are the students who frantically take down in the mouth notes and copy down keywords from visual aids in class. The kinesthetic learning style explains why some students opt to learn on their own. They tend to learn more through experience and discovery (Learning Styles, 2005). Cultural Differences and Learning Culture and learning are two inseparable things (Moore and Anderson, 2003). The innate cultural identity of a person tends to affect their learning capabilities through influencing their learning styles.Researches find out that cultural groups tend to have unique learning styles that are different from other ethnic groups. But there is also a contrasting conclusion that members of the family tend to have different learning styles. Instructors and learning facilitators should be aware of three important things. 1. thither are existing universally accepted learning principles, 2. Culture greatly influences the learning styles of individuals, 3. Every person has their distinguishable learning style preferences that affect their potential achievement and acquired knowledge (Moore & Anderson, 2003).Culture could be held obligated in the developed learning style of an individual. Culture determines the preferences and values a person holds. United States is a multiracial and multicultural society in which the normal classroom is composed of people coming from the different ethnic groups (Shalaway & Beech, 1998). Oftentimes, we are having a difficult time understanding people who have dissimilar thwack and preference, because we know that there is no commonality or common ground that that two person could dress down about. We tend to be biased in some way.Cultural differences are persons strengths, knowing the cultural compass of the student will greatly help us to facilitate and induce classroom learning (Shalaway & Beech, 1998). The knowledge in the cultural diversity and how it influences the learning process is very important especially to the course designers because there is an inevitable possibility that a group of individuals have different learning styles preferences (Moore & Anderson, 2003). The negative implication of the culturally diverse classroom setting is composed of individuals with various learning style preferences.The instructor or learning facilitator have no control over the heterogeneous mixture of learning styles for it is difficult to develop a mixture of training methods and teaching strategies for all the students to learn in class. Conclusion Learning is among the fundamental human process very essential in life. The process of learning occurs in every setting and impertinent the confines of school and we are unaware that it happens. Culture is the embedded characteristic deeply rooted in society.It somehow defines the social identity of a person. Culture shapes individuality and influences the different aspects of a person, including tastes and preferences. Variety is the alt er of life. The global society is composed of different races and cultures. Cultural differences are reflected in learning style preferences. The negative implication of cultural diversity in a classroom and having too many learning styles is that the teachers do not know what teaching methods they should used in order the students to learn the subject.Knowledge in this particular matter is very important especially to learning facilitators and course designers to develop a comprehensive and effective teaching method to be utilized in classrooms in which ever students learning style is utilized. In this way we will be able to abridge cultural differences in learning. References Felder, R. Learning Styles. Resources in Science and Engineering Education. Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http//www4. ncsu. edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Learning_Styles. html. Learning Styles. (2005). Student Development Services.University of western Ohio. Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http//www. s dc. uwo. ca/learning/index. html? styles. Melkman, A. & Trotman, J. (2005). Training International Managers Designing, Deploying and Delivering Effective Training for Multi-Cultural Groups. England Gower Publishing Ltd. Moore, M. G. & Anderson, W. G. (2003). Handbook of place Education. current Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Shalaway, L. & Beech, L. (1998). Learning to Teach Not Just for Beginners The Essential Guide for All Teachers. New York Teaching Resources/ Scholastic Professional Books.

Book Report on Freedomnomics by John Lott Essay

The effective management of the sparing aspect of the country is always valuable and necessary to secure the financial stability of the nation and its mint. As such, it is empirically significant that the deliverance is loose from any saying of restriction for it to efficiently operate. Such condition is the underlying principle and practice behind what is called a devoid commercialize. Economic dispatchdom is attri provideded to the flexibility and most importantly, immunity of the economic field from limitations.In carrying-out such paragon situation, the reality that dispense with economic system works most to the advantages of both the people and nation is established. With such discipline indications, it is therefore essential that the concept of free market is supported because it definitely works best for the community and the country in general. The said main thesis concerning the principle and practices of free market was what efficiently exemplified by the bo ok Freedomnomics written by Economist and acclaimed author John Lott.In the said book, Lott (2007) opened the minds and police wagon of the human beings about the necessity of a free market condition due to its many applicable advantages both for the people and societies. In doing so, the book not only provided its readers with a glimpse about the temperament and components of free market but besides allowed the public to realize its benefits. To support the books thesis, Lott found his premise from several upshot studies which all pointed to the significance of free market thus he called for and emphasize the need for economic freedom (Lott, 2007).In supporting his main theory on free market, Lott punctuate major points that showed how free market or liberated economy paved the way for the eventual winning handling of the other aspects of the society such as the political system and the structure of the criminal arbitrator as well as even the ethical or moral features of a country same the United States. It is in this position therefore that the book ultimately succeeded because it was able to make way for the publics recognition that free market encompassed not only the economic aspect of the country but its other social components as well.Hence, there is indeed a need to adhere to and uphold the free market principle in order to achieve the nations improvement. The Free Market enclose In Freedomnomics, Lott effectively explored on the premise of free market-its nature, components, practices and most of all, its significance to people and the society. Citing the notion imparted by Adam Smith, the author outrightly presented that from such principle, where a nations economy just analogous the U. S.is free from any form of restriction, the free market works (Lott, 2007, p. 1). Taking into consideration the results of a number of economic-related case studies which he did on his whole career, the relevance of the principle of free market was highl ighted by the author by the book. Additionally, the books point of view evolved around and was analyzed according to the philosophy that a circumscribe kind of economy, such as the one manifested by communism, is undeniably harmful.This is supposedly because of the fact that economic restrictions also result to portrayals of limitation that detriment other aspects of the society (Lott, 2007). As a support to his free market theory, Lott gave the public major points that all signified the benefits of such concept. In doing so, it became apparent for the book to prove the harms when the economy is subjected to any kind of restriction. The points that supported the free market perspective were bravely presented by the book like its opposition to the book Freakonomics by Steve Levitt and Stephen Dubner.The Lott book stressed the advantages to be derived from free market or economic freedom when it challenged its counterparts philosophy that the American economy is a swindling business because both the corporations and their people are cheating the public (Lott, 2007). In correcting the wrong notion brought about by Freakonomics, Lotts Freedomnomics, in turn, clarified that the American economy, due to its free market principle, truly operates according to rules. This is because the field, as represented by many corporations, exerts earnest efforts to make a profit by supplying people with something they want (Lott, 2007, p.3). It is in this condition that the effective operation of free market is exhibited due to its remarkable advantage of encouraging the economy and people behind it to act honestly and accordingly (Lott, 2007). The book further perceived that treating the public honestly made the free economy maintain its good reputation. Notwithstanding the supposed penalties and legal liabilities, the best penury for the economy and corporations is to preserve their honesty and honor.Most importantly, it is not only the economy which benefited from free mar ket as such principle likewise paved the way for proper operation of the other aspects of the society or the the sincere actions of other members of the society such as political leaders, professionals, members of the criminal justice system, all of which ensured bail bond to moral standards. As a proof, Lott cited his experiences which confirmed that economy, politics and religion were connected. This was recorded by his opinion-editorial materials in the July 13, 1986 issues of the immense Falls Tribune and the Montana Standard (Lott, 2007, p.7). Conclusion Regardless of the disputes against the free market principle, Freedomnomics effectively justified such and even emphasized its undisputed benefits which made the book commendable. Ultimately, it is only through continued observance of free market or liberated economy that Lott prescribed the country to become better and stable. Reference Lott, J. R. (2007). Freedomnomics why the free market works and other half-baked theories dont. Washington, DC Regnery Publishing.

A Critical Analysis of Recruitment and Selection Methods

Executive Summary Duxton Hotel Wellington began its life as the eye International Hotel that opened in 1987. The hotel was renamed and rebranded in June 2000. Situated in the heart of the adjudge Capital of brisk Zealand, 170 Wakefield Street, Wellington. There be 198 employees who employed by Duxton Hotel. Our group hearinged Anne Bellman who is Human imagings Manager of Duxton Hotel. Anne gave us much in realizeation near the modes of stirment and choice of their hotel.Like if they need accede a po sit aroundion, they go out recruit up bucolic first and they concentrate on external too (internal and external atomic number 18 more(prenominal) than or less balance). They recruit on sacksite, beca phthisis it is cheap and popular medium. And umteen slew good deal grow chance to apply. They a exchangeable use Employment enlisting Agency. Although agencies atomic number 18 very expensive, they can write time and provide minute sufficient candidates to Duxt on Hotel. For natural pickax methods, Anne told us they usu every(prenominal)y use incorporated interview because they think it is equ solelyy to the appliers to perform the same specimen question.Further they use Reference Checks too. Reference checks argon a low- bell and save time method. I suggest Duxton Hotel use multiple interviewers can be advantageous, for their individual influencees and stereo vitrines may delete unrivaled another out. Because there are barely 2 wad do the interviewer. And I a want advise them use most logo on the ads on the meshwork. Dont recruit internal when they recruit some too senior position. Sometimes the credit cant s utter the employee real ability and temperament. Duxton Hotel should engender a checklist to evaluate the extract methods.The various methods of recruitment and claimion all contain benefits and drawbacks, and the choice of a method has to spend a penny in relation to the particular vacancy and the type of l abour market in which the mull falls. Table of confine Executive Summary Table of Contents 1. 0Terms of Reference1 2. 0Procedure 1. Primary Research. 1 2. 2 Secondary Research.. 1 3. Findings 1. origination of Duxton Hotel 2 2. Recruitment . 2 3. Selection 4 4.Analysis and critical Commentary 1. Recruitment Methods 6 1. Internal Recruitment.. 6 2. Advertise on Web.. 7 3. Recruitment Agency.. 7 2. Selection Methods8 1. structured Interview . 8 2. Reference Checks10 5. Conclusions.. 11 6. Recommendations12 7. References13 Appendix 1 4 MEMO To Jacqui Campbell, Lecturer of Human imaginativeness Management From Nina BuDate twenty-eighth August 2003 Subject A critical digest of the recruitment and selection methods used in a large or medium sized organisation 1. 0 TERMS OF REFERENCE This assignment is communicate by Jacqui Campbell, Lecturer of Human Resource Management. Its purpose is to analysis the recruitment and selection methods used in a large or medium sized fundamental la w and to obtain appropriate recommendations. This assignment is referable on 28th of August 2003. It is submitted by a group primary explore, but secondary research and writes by individual.Nina Bu wrote this report individually. 2. PROCEDURE 1. Primary Research On 14th of August 2003, an interview was conducted with Ms Anne Bellman, Human Resources Manager of DUXTON HOTEL Wellington. Three digital recorders were used during the interview. 2. Secondary Research 2. 2. 1 City program library & Massey Library books 2. 2. 2 lucre sacksites 2. 2. 3 The hand book of Duxton Hotel 3. 0 Finding 3. 1 entering of DUXTON HOTEL Duxton Hotel Wellington began its life as the Plaza International Hotel that opened in 1987. In 1992 the hotel was bought by Mr.George Ishiyama. Mr. Ishiyama devise close to refurbishing the hotel to its face standard, ensuring its growths and development. He makeed the hotel until 2000 when Duxton Hotels International purchased it. The hotel was renamed and re branded in June 2000. Duxton Hotel situated in the heart of the Harbor Capital of New Zealand, 170 Wakefield Street, Wellington. 2. Recruitment Our group interviewed Anne Bellman who is Human Resources Manager of Duxton Hotel. From the interview, we know distributively position has a different cost associated with recruitment.If they were replacing a manager then they would put an advert in the newspaper, that costs about $1000,and in like manner put on picturek website as rise, so in total possibly $2000. If they uses an agency and pay a fee, the cost is about $6000. To replace a person, the cost is different because there is a training cost, including the time of other people. The average cost is about 2. 5% of the annual compensation of the personsometimes 2 or 3 times that if the position is actually essential. We chose the task group is Front office manager.So Duxton Hotel paid $120 for the web advertizement for one month, and paid $6,000 to an agency to recruit a su itable front office manager. Duxton Hotel has policies on recruitment and the main(prenominal) policy is they advertise internally firstHotel Situations Vacant Board, this is to promote career progression. They allow an EEO policy. They bear at someones CV on the basis of what they can do, and not their sex or country of origin. For a job like housekeep attendances, they advertise internally and confabulate if people have a friend or daughter, cousin etc. indeed advertise in free newspapers so many people have a chance to apply. If the role were more supervisory then they would first look internally to see if they could promote someone. If they want to recruit a manager, even to a role like Front authority Manager then they still need to use Employment Recruitment Agency, for example, TMP, Candidates Personnel, Terrence cox (an agency specializing in hospitality) because there are not many people who have that ability. Duxton Hotel does use the web to advertise because it is m ore cheaply compared to using an agency.As part of the fee they can keep the advertisement on the web for 4 workweeks and this means many people have the opportunity to see it. It becomes more and more popular to use the web because fewer people buy newspaper now. Anne measure they analysis to each one position on a case-by-case basis. They look at where they got the person from, for instance, newspaper, web, agency or internally. There is a balance between internal and external. Agencies are very expensive so they only do that once or twice each year. They look at why one method was less achieverful. by chance it was the language they used, or the logo, the words were not rendive enough. They mention the days of the week are beat out for publicizing. Normally that is Wednesday and Saturday for newspapers. There are not many checks from outside for EEO policy. Nobody truly audits them, but they rely on self-checks. They look at how honest they were, and they want to be seen a s a good employer so they need to make sure people know they demonstrate EEO. If they didnt do it then people would find out and contact their supervisor or manager. Anne said they would try them best to let the employee feel at home.On average they would advertise 25 times per year (2 per months), including advert on the web, through the newspaper, or at the student job research. This is an industry where staff turnover is full(prenominal) so that is one reason they have so many advertisement. other reason is because sometimes they are very busy and they just need more people. Number of applicants depends on the position, i. e. , some position kind of popular then maybe up to 30 and it is normally around 15. For some hard position, they maybe only get 5 people interested. Now they are advertising for a Front Office Manager which the job group we focused.They have about 10 applications at the moment from the web and about 6 applications from Employment Recruitment Agency. The nu mber depends on the position and how attractive it is. 3. 3 Selection The selection method of Duxton Hotel is interviews and they use structure Interviews, so everyone is waited the same questions. Anne would do first interviews and then shortlist people for a second interview. This methods is used for more senior positions and they normally shortlist down to 2 or 3 people and meet assistant manager or someone more senior. Then they make a decision based on that.They always have 2 people interviewing each applicant so they can discuss it afterwards. They are Anne and the manager of the department if there are lots of applicants they are interviewing, then they (the interviewer) fills in a form about each applicant, so they can remember what happened in the interview. Examples of questions Anne asked during the interview. Generally they would tell the applicant about their hotel and the cooking stove of hotel. They would then tell them about the position and the department. after that they would shit the applicants a copy of the job description.So they spend the first 5-10 minutes onerous to make the interviewee feel more relaxed (maybe also service them a cup of coffee) and giving them information about the hotel and the job. Then some questions Anne would ask is why they applied for the job and what do they know about the hotel. They would also ask the applicants to talk about their previous work experience. Hence they can get a sense of how well they communicate. Anne mention how well they can describe something and whether they can make it interesting. Further ask them questions about their strengths focus.Anne use a format like tell us about a time when you Tell us a story Anne uses work experience, personality and communication abilitycriteria to measure candidates. They want to know if applicants confident in talking with other people. Anne can understand more about them by asking them questions like how they dealt with difficult customers in the past. And questions about working under pressure are also vital. The criterion is how they present themselvesdo they look after themselves, for example, their hair and their clothes. Anne does a reference check too.They would call the candidates previous employers to see if they would recommend them. Anne always do reference checks and never offer a job beforehand they do that. Sometimes they check the qualifications too. For the successful applicants, Anne would phone them and see if they still want the job. Anne result tell them the salary and starting dates, and who they will be reporting to, and tell them what kind of information they will need to give the hotel like bank account details and IRD number. For unsuccessful applicants, Anne normally uses a letter, but for second interview applicants she sometimes will call them.Anne said she should have a checklist but they dont have it, so they dont authentically evaluate. 4. 0 Analysis and Critical Commentary Human Resource Man agement involves the productive use of people in achieving the organizations strategic business objectives and the delight of individual employee needs (Stone, 2002, P 4). HRM is getting the secure people who have the chastise skill into the right place at the right time. Manager use recruitment and selection, to attract and hire new employees who have the abilities and skills to achieve the strategic goal. Good HRM demands that organizations have well-defined EEO objectives and policy.Duxton Hotel have EEO policy requires fair treatment for all members of the community and the elimination of discrimination. It means candidates should be treated fairly irrespective of differences in race, sex, nationality etc. 4. 1 Recruitment methods The definition of recruitment is the process of seeking and attracting a pool of qualified candidates for a job vacancy (Stone, 2002, P174). There is numerous ways in which Duxton Hotel can find employees to fill their job vacancy. They have applica tion form (see Appendix 2). They advertise internally first, advertise on newspapers and website, use Employment Recruitment Agency etc. . 1. 1Anne advertises internally firstHotel Situations Vacant Board, it is to promote career progression. It is extremely advantageous for you to be able to offer upward mobility your internal people. enchantment Anne said their Internal and external recruitment is a balance (half-half). Why? Because everything has two aspects, the internal recruiting has advantage & disadvantages. Advantages Disadvantages Employee is familiar with the hotel A limit ool of applicants Motivation authoritative employees Stifle creativity and innovation Hotel can save money to advertising Infighting for promotions Less time down System can become bureaucratic Hotel know employees honest, reliable No new talent into organization In contrast, external recruiting has benefit new skills, knowledge, methods, wider choice of applicants, and good advertisement for t he hotel. When organization is in tiff and performing poorly, external recruiting is often relied on to bring in managerial talent with a youthful approach. 4. 1. 2 Duxton Hotel does use the web to advertise, because it is very cost effective compared to using an agency. Website is the web address or location of an organization (Stone, 2002). The web site for Duxton Hotel is www. duxton. com. Now Duxton Hotel posts their vacancies like front office manager via their own Web site.For example, position is front office manager, job description is to ensure maximum yield and favourableness from the rooms inventory, requirements is he/she must have at least five years experience in a first class hotel, and a natural leader, key responsibilities is to provide statistical & financial reports for the widely distributed manager as request and the date of applications (more details please see Appendix 3). In the withstand seven years, the internet has really had an impact on business. Li ke Anne said nowadays the web becomes more and more popular but fewer people buy/read newspaper.And advertising on the Internet is not expensive, so they can just use $120 keep the ad on the web for 4 weeks (24 hours a day), we can image this means many people have the opportunity to see it. So when an human resource manager do an actual recruiting plan for the hotel, he/she should includes Internet advertising as part of the media mix, along with newspaper ads, agency and so on. In general, the higher the education take and the greater the past employment responsibility, the greater the likelihood a candidate will use the Internet as a tool. 4. 1. Recruitment agencies specialize wholly in recruitment and generally keep an street smart database of experience potential employees. They take the time out of advertising, interviewing and selecting candidates, and can hand the client a off-the-peg employee to fit the clients job specification. Duxton hotel uses Employment Recruitment Agency, because for Front Office Manager, there are not many people who have that ability. So they need to pay $6000 for that to the agencies, i. e. TMP, Candidates personnel, Terrence Cox which is an agency specialising in hospitality.From that we know, Employment agencies can be effective in generating job candidates in some fields. The agencys effectiveness is largely a function of how well it understands the organization and the requirements of the specific job. Using agencies is expensive and normally not cost-effective for low- take aim and low-paying jobs. In contrast, most opening at the senior management level use executive search firms as part of their recruiting efforts. It is important to establish a good kin with the professional recruiters you use they can provide excellent candidates and save you a lot of time and effort. . 2 Selection methods The definition of selection is the process of choosing the candidate who best meets the selection criteria. (Stone, 2002, P17 4) Many organization uses selection methods like this graph show SELECTION 4. 2. 1 Duxton Hotel concentrates on merged interview and references for selection. Structured interview in which interviewers ask a standard set of questions of all candidates about qualifications and capabilities related to job murder To determine who has the best claim to a position and thus will be selected for further devotion (e. . second interview), candidates are short-listed on the basis of their job application, work samples, interviews or reference. In a structured interview, Anne asks each applicant the same standard questions. At the beginning of the interview, they spend the first 5-10 minutes trying to make the applicants feel more relaxed (maybe service them a cup of coffee) and giving them information about the chain of hotel and the copy of job description. In my opinion, Anne did very well. One reason is because the candidates will feel nervous when they sit the interview.An effective in terviewer should take candidates at ease, address they feel comfortable, have water, coffee, or soft-drinks available, and help them feel as welcome as possible. And then encourage people to be open in their communications, talk candidly. Another reason it is important to remember that the interview has a two-fold purpose to find out whether the applicant is suitable for the particular job, and to give the applicant information about the firm and the position which is vacant. Anne then ask why they applied the job and what do they know about the hotel.Because of this, Anne can know if the applicants have done some homework, testing their interests. And also ask them to talk about their previous work experience, Anne mention how well they can describe something and whether they can make it interesting. Further using a format like tell us about a time when you (deal with a different client) to know candidates strengths. These questions are important to Duxton Hotel because this is a customer service industry. Communicate with people is very important.Question asked must be job related, under EEO legislation, irrelevant and private unnecessary question may lead to charges of discrimination. Many Human Resource Manager feel structured interview are fair to applicants, because they are same question. Anne feel structured interview method is quite successful for selecting. However, I think the interview should be correctd at one point. That is Anne told us they always have 2 people (Anne and the manager of the department) interviewing each applicant so they can discuss it afterwards.If there are lots of applicants they are interviewing then they fills in a form about each applicant so they can remember what happened in the interview. Even when structured interviews are used, but, there is always the potential for the biases of the interviewer to influence his or her judgments. It is important for interviewers to be trained to avoid these bias and sources of inaccu rate perceptions as mush as possible. Duxton Hotel just has 2 people do the interviewer. They may be cannot avoid the effects of biases and stereotype. So at this point, Duxton Hotel needs to improve. 4. 2. Anne said they also do a reference check, they would call the applicants previous employers to see if they would recommend them and sometimes also check the qualification. Duxton Hotel always do reference checks and never offer a job before they do that. This is a good selection method for Duxton Hotel. Reference check is one of the most commonly used predictors of future job exercise (www. ask. com). References are usually supplied by a former employers or professional colleague who knows the applicants skills, abilities, or personality attributes such as motivation, leadership and personal skills.References are often used at the end of the selection process to confirm a decision to hire. There are two benefits for using References. o References are best for evidence of attrib utes that cannot be easily assessed in an interview, either due to impression management (e. g. social skills) or the unrealistic setting (e. g. reliability, honesty). o References checks are not too costly or time-consuming. References are usually only checked for short-listed applicants.In fact, some former employers are reluctant to provide electronegative information in references sometimes makes it difficult to interpret what a reference is really saying about an applicant. 5. Conclusions The correct recruitment and selection of new employees is just as important as finding the right person for the job. Better recruitment and selection strategies result in improved organizational outcomes. Says DDI (Development Dimensions International), Ph. D. So HRM recruit and select candidates is the more effective task for the organization.We interviewed the Human Resource Manger of Duxton Hotel, Anne Bellman. I discussed some methods of recruitment and selection using by Duxton Hotel. 5 . 1 Recruitment methods 5. 1. 1 Internal recruiting is manager turn to vivacious employees to fill open position. The employees familiar with the hotel, managers have considerable information about their skills and increase employee moral. 5. 1. 2 The approachability of New Zealand focused Internet recruiting sites is growing rapidly. Putting the advertisement on the Website is cheap and many people will have a chance to read the advertisement. . 1. 3 Employment Recruitment Agency is also used by Duxton Hotel. Because Front Office Manager is a senior position, not everyone has that ability. Although agencies are really expensive, they can save time and provide excellent suitable candidates to Duxton Hotel. 5. 2 Selection methods 5. 2. 1 Structured interview is commonly used by Duxton Hotel. They think it is fair to the applicant, because there are same standard question. However, there are only 2 interviewers, so maybe they cannot avoid the effect of bias. 5. 2. Reference checks a re a low-cost and save time method, so it is very popular in Duxton Hotel, too. The various methods of recruitment and selection all have advantages and disadvantages. Whatever recruitment and selection methods the organization choose, remember that the objective is to attract people who suit the job vacancy. So be as open and as informative as possible. 6. Recommendations 6. 1 Duxton Hotel recruits front office manager internally firstly. I dont think it is a smart idea. Because one drawback of internal recruitment is limit to number of applicants, the other is stifle creativity and innovation.Maybe they can recruit someone from the inside to replace the position, but maybe his/her former task will get problem. So I suggest Anne should concentrate on external selection totally for a too senior position in the future. 2. Duxton Hotel do advertisement on Website, it is really good method. While depending the advertisement, they only put Job position is Front Office Manager, and the d etail of job description, requirements and key responsibilities. I think it is not catchy enough for attracting people. They should put some attractive Logo on the web to encourage people apply. 3.Using multiple interviewers (at least 3 people) can be advantageous, for their individual biases and stereotypes may cancel one another out. Now there are only 2 interviewers in Duxton Hotel to select new employees. 4. Anne said they always do reference checks and never offer a job before they do that. However, sometimes some former employers are reluctant to provide negative information in references. So Anne should not believe all the comments of the references, she should concentrate on the employees real work ability. 6. 5 Duxton Hotel should have a checklist to evaluate the success of their selection methods.Then they can check whether the method is useful and improve the methods in time. 7. References Black, J. S. , & Porter, L. W. (1999). Management meeting new challenges (1st ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey learner-Hall, Inc. Chambers, H. E. (2001). Finding, hiring, and keeping top of the inning performers every managers guide (1st ed. ). Cambridge Perseus Books Group. Gilberison, D. W. , & Stone, R. J. (1985). Human resource management case and readings (2nd ed. ). Roseville McGraw-Hill Book club Australia Pty Ltd. Jones, G. R. , & George, J. M. , & Hill, C. W. L. (1998).Contemporary Management (International Ed. ). U. S. A. Craig S. Beytien. Stone, R. J. (2002). Human resource management (4th ed. ). Milton John Wiley & Sons Torrington, D. , & Hall, L. (1998). Human resource management (4th ed. ). Herefordshire Prentice Hall. www. ask. com www. duxton. com Appendix 1 Interview Questions 1. How much does your company cost for each job (Front Office Manager)? 2. Do you have policies for recruitment internal or external? How do you practice? 3. What methods do you use to recruit for this particular job group? 4. Do you have application form? . Have you considered advertising on the web? 6. Why are these methods used? 7. How do you measure the success of the methods? 8. Equal employment opportunities are a significant issue for recruitment policy. How do you make sure you do EEO for recruitment in your organization? 9. Could you tell us the number of positions advertised in a year, the number of applications received for each position and time from closing date to offer of position? 10. How do you identify where your applicants are flood tide from? What selection methods do you use for this job? Interview-what types of interview? Panel who is on the panel? How many? Structured could you please give us some examples of questions that you ask? 11. What criteria do you use to measure candidates? 12. Do you usually use reference checks for selecting people? 13. How do you inform successful and unsuccessful applicants? 14. How do you evaluate the success of your selection methods and recruitment methods? Background information In terviews References Work samples Assessment Centres Psychological Tests